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Critical Zone Assessments of an Alluvial Aquifer System Using the Multi-influencing Factor (MIF) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Models in Western Iran

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Abstract

Many arid regions in the world suffer from over-exploitation of local groundwater resources leading to the degradation of freshwater aquifer systems, drying of spring discharges, and other damage to land and infrastructure. The development of groundwater critical zone maps (GCZMs) using the best available data is one important method that can be used by decision makers to develop a justifiable regulatory framework that may ban future use of wells. The multi-influencing factor (MIF) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods were used to create GCZMs for the Kangavar sub-catchment basin (aquifer system) of western Iran. Seven mapped factors were used as input into the models that included spatial occurrence of geological formations, aquifer lithologies, aquifer thickness, aquifer recharge, annual groundwater discharge (including water use), water-well density, and groundwater quality (degradation). Weighting factors were placed on the input data based on expert opinions, and the created thematic maps were combined using the weighted sum tool within a GIS framework to create two separate GCZMs. It was found that both methods produced acceptable and similar results, but based on a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of internal error the MIF model (0.82) was > 10% more accurate compared to the AHP model (0.72). Critical and subcritical classification areas within the basin covered areas of 94 and 77.7 km2 in the MIF and AHP maps, respectively. Banning of water-well construction in these areas is therefore technically justifiable and demonstrates the need to use two methods for development and verification of GCZMs with varying assumptions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Kermanshah Regional Water Authority (KRWA) for providing the data required for this research. We also greatly appreciate the input of Ali Moradi for his valuable comments on bedrock depth configuration. The kind assistance of Dr. Omid Rahmati, Dr. Reza Omidipour, M. Najafi Baiameh, and Mrs. L. Pourdad during the writing of this article is of a great appreciation. Thanks are also due to redrafted and revised many of figures done by Michael Hegy from the Emergent Technologies Institute, Florida Gulf Coast University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kermanshah Regional Water Authority, Kermanshah, Iran

    Kamal Taheri, Milad Taheri & Fathollah Mohseni Pour

  2. Emergent Technologies Institute, U. A. Whitaker College of Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, 16301 Innovation Lane, Fort Myers, FL, 33913, USA

    Thomas M. Missimer

  3. Department of Geology, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Milad Taheri

  4. Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Hossein Moayedi

  5. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Hossein Moayedi

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Taheri, K., Missimer, T.M., Taheri, M. et al. Critical Zone Assessments of an Alluvial Aquifer System Using the Multi-influencing Factor (MIF) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Models in Western Iran. Nat Resour Res 29, 1163–1191 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09516-2

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