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Physicochemical properties and toxicological assessment of modified CdS nanoparticles

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Abstract

Cadmium sulfite (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with different stabilizing agents (2-mercaptopropionic acid or 2MPA, 3-mercaptopropionic acid or 3MPA, and l-cysteine or cys) were designed to be used as luminescent probes. The toxicity and inflammatory response of luminescent CdS NPs (average diameter between 2 and 3 nm) was evaluated “in vitro” using human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Also, mucociliary function changes or injuries were assessed by mucociliary transport (MCT) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) measurements using frog palates. Toxicity assays showed that Cd concentrations above 1.0 mg L−1 were toxic to BEAS-2B, while Cd associated to NPs was not toxic at the concentrations tested (fivefolds that of Cd toxicity). Cadmium at toxic levels of 2.5 mg L−1 significantly induced the release of both cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, conversely none toxic levels (2.5 mg L−1) of 2MPA-CdS nanoparticles showed similar effects. However, cys-CdS and 3MPA-CdS NPs did not induce the secretions of either IL-6 or IL-8 by lung epithelial cells at the same Cd concentration of 2.5 mg L−1. Conversely, significant reduction in the secretion of these two pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. The MCT and CBF results revealed no impairment on mucociliary behavior except a very slight change in mucus viscosity by 3MPA-CdS NPs. These findings highlight the potential of 3MPA-CdS and cys-CdS NPs for future biomedical research, and encourage further histopathological and metabolic studies in order to strengthen that possibility.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to CNPq, CAPES, and FAPERJ for their financial support and scholarships. This research was also supported by the US National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number R25GM061838.

Conflict of interest

The content of this research is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Sala 471, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil

    Andrea R. da Silva, Ricardo Q. Aucélio & Adriana Gioda

  2. Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00936, USA

    Rosa I. Rodríguez-Cotto, Mario G. Ortiz-Martínez & Braulio Jiménez-Vélez

  3. Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan, PR, 00935, USA

    Rosa I. Rodríguez-Cotto, Mario G. Ortiz-Martínez, Evasomary Rivera-Ramírez & Braulio Jiménez-Vélez

  4. Río Piedras Campus, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00936, USA

    Evasomary Rivera-Ramírez

  5. Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil

    Daniela Perroni Frias & Mariangela Macchione

  6. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca-CEFET/RJ, Valença, RJ, 27600-000, Brazil

    Andrea R. da Silva

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  1. Andrea R. da Silva
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  2. Ricardo Q. Aucélio
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  3. Rosa I. Rodríguez-Cotto
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  4. Mario G. Ortiz-Martínez
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  5. Evasomary Rivera-Ramírez
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  6. Daniela Perroni Frias
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  7. Mariangela Macchione
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  8. Braulio Jiménez-Vélez
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  9. Adriana Gioda
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Correspondence to Adriana Gioda.

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da Silva, A.R., Aucélio, R.Q., Rodríguez-Cotto, R.I. et al. Physicochemical properties and toxicological assessment of modified CdS nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 16, 2655 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2655-0

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