Abstract
In this article, we have investigated the photoluminescence intensity of quantum dot–quantum well heteronanocrystal with non-linear potential profile which has been analyzed by the finite element numerical methods and is compared with traditional potential profile of same heteronanocrystal. We have probed the effect of carrier localization in layers of heteronanocrystal on the photoluminescence intensity. Moreover, the effects of variation of radius layers such as CdSe core, shell, and ZnS barriers radius on the photoluminescence intensity are studied. Besides, for the first time, we demonstrated the shift of quantum dot–quantum well operation wavelength by introducing non-linear potential profile in the core of heteronanocrystal that can be drastically affected on biological application. Furthermore, in biological application, by tuning the emission wavelengths of quantum dot into the far-red and near-infrared ranges, the non-invasive in vivo imaging technique was developed. In this wavelength window, tissue absorption, scattering, and auto-fluorescence intensities have minimum quantities. In our article with new structure, the relation between size and operation wavelength don’t follow traditional relation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcalde AM, Marques GE (2002) Electron-optical-phonon scattering rates in spherical CdSe quantum dots in an external filed. Phys Rev B 65:113301–113304
Biju V, Itoh T, Anas A, Sujith A, Ishikawa M (2008) Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles: syntheses, optical properties, and biological applications. Anal Bioanal Chem (Springer) 391:2469–2495
Dabbousi BO, Rodriguez-Viejo J, Mikulec FV, Heine JR, Mattoussi H, Ober R, Jensen KF, Bawendi MG (1997) (CdSe)ZnS core–shell quantum dots: synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites. J Phys Chem B 101:9463–9475
Drbohlavova J, Adam V, Kizek R, Hubalek J (2009) Quantum dots-characterization, preparation and usage in biological systems. Int J Mol Sci 10:656–673
Fu A, Gu W, Larabell C, Paul Alivisatos A (2005) Semiconductor nanocrystals for biological imaging. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:568–575
Genovesio A, Liedl T, Emiliani V, Parak WJ, Coppey-Moisan M, Olivo-Marin J-C (2006) Multiple particle tracking in 3-D + microscopy: method and application to the tracking of endocytosed quantum dots. IEEE Trans Image Process 15:1062–1070
Guo Y, Shi D, Cho H, Dong Z, Kulkarni A (2008) In vivo imaging and drug storage by quantum-dot-conjugated carbon nanotubes. Adv Funct Mater 18:1–9
Hwang C-S, Cho I-H (2005) Characterization of the ZnSe/ZnS core shell quantum dots synthesized at various temperature conditions and the water soluble ZnSe/ZnS quantum dot. Bull Korean Chem Soc 26:1776–1782
Jamiesona T, Bakhshia R, Petrovaa D, Pococka R, Imanib M, Seifalian AM (2007) Biological applications of quantum dots. Biomaterials 28:4717–4732
Kershaw SV, Harrison M, Rogach AL, Kornowski A (2000) Development of IR-emitting colloidal II–VI quantum-dot materials. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 6:534–543
Kostic R, Stojanovic D (2009) Multi-color emission in quantum dot-quantum well semiconductor hetronanocrystals. In: Proceedings of the international school and conference on photonics, PHOTONICA09, pp 598–602
Lees EE, Gunzburg MJ, Nguyen T-L, Howlett GJ, Rothacker J, Nice EC, Clayton AHA, Mulvaney P (2008) Experimental determination of quantum dot size distributions, ligand packing densities, and bioconjugation using analytical ultracentrifugation. Nano Letter 8:2883–2890
Lu H-C (2005) Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots: synthesis, characterization and biological applications, Ph.D Thesis, Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany
Madeluog O (2008) Semiconductor: data handbook. Springer, Berlin
McCarthy SA, Wang JB, Abbott PC (2001) Electronic structure calculation for N-electron quantum dots. Comput Phys Commun 141:175–204
Medintzi IL, Tetsuo Uyeda H, Goldman ER, Mattoussi H (2005) Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing. Nat Mater 4:435–446
Medintzi IL, Tetsuo Uyeda H, Goldman ER, Mattoussi H (2006) Water-soluble quantum dots for biomedical applications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 348:781–786
Nizamoglu S, Demir HV (2008) Onin-like (CdSe) ZnS/CdSe/ZnS quantum-dot-quantum-well hetronanocrystals for investigation of multi-color emission. Opt Exp 16:3515–3526
Park K, Yu HJ, Chung WK, Kim B-J, Kim SH (2009) Effect of heat-treatment on CdS and CdS/ZnS nanoparticles. J Mater Sci (Springer) 44:4315–4320
Protière M, Reiss P (2006) Facile synthesis of monodisperse ZnS capped CdS nanocrystals exhibiting efficient blue emission. Nanoscale Res Lett 1:62–67
Reimann SM, Manninen M (2002) Electronics structure of quantum dots. Rev Mod Phys 74:1284–1336
Rostami A, Rasooli Saghai H (2007) A novel proposal for ultra-high optical nonlinearity in GaN/AlGaN spherical centered defect quantum dot. Microelectron J 38:342–351
Rostami A, SalmanOgli A (2008) Investigation of light amplification in Si nanocrystal Er doped fiber amplifier. Prog Electromagn Res B 9:27–51
Rostami A, Rasooli H, Bagban Asghari Nrjad H (2008) Defect-induced enhancement of absorption coefficient and electroabsorption properties in GaN/AlGaN centered defect quantum box nanocrystal. Phys B 403:2789–2796
SalmanOgli A, Rostami A (2008a) Study of effects of inhomogeneous distribution of cooperative up-conversion coefficient on the optical amplification process in the Si–Nc and Er doped optical fiber. Prog Electromagn Res C 4:139–155
SalmanOgli A, Rostami A (2008b) Chromatics dispersion behavior of Si–Nc–Er doped optical fiber. Opt Commun 281:4530–4535
Seidl S, Kroner M, Dalgarno PA, Högele A, Smith JM, Ediger M, Gerardot BD, Garcia JM, Petroff PM, Karrai K, Warburton RJ (2005) Absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy on a single self-assembled charge-tunable quantum dot. Phys Rev B 72:195339–195345
Smith AM, Ruan G, Rhyner MN, Nie S (2006) Engineering luminescent quantum dots for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 34:3–14
Takagahara T, Takeda K (1992) Theory of quantum confinement effect on excitons in quantum dots of indirect-gap materials. Phys Rev B 46:15578–15581
Vashist SK, Tewari R, Bajpai RP, Bharadwaj LM, Raiteri R (2006) Review of quantum dot technologist for cancer detection and treatment. J Nanotechnol (Online) 2:1–14
Yang WY, Cao W, Chung T-S, Morris J (2005) Applied numerical method by matlab. Wiley Interscience, New York, USA
Yu X, Pang D, Chen L, Li K (2007) Immunofluorescence detection with quantum dot bioconjugates for hepatoma in vivo. J Biomed Opt 12:014008–014013
Zhang ZM (2007) Nano/micro scale heat transfer. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Acknowledgments
I thank Dr. Yadollah Omidi for great helpful suggestions and guidance and I am grateful to Mrs. Z. Bayat for helping in all article preparations time.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
SalmanOgli, A., Rostami, A. Investigation of electronic and optical properties of (CdSe/ZnS/CdSe/ZnS) quantum dot–quantum well heteronanocrystal. J Nanopart Res 13, 1197–1205 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0112-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0112-2