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Watermarking techniques for medical data authentication: a survey

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Abstract

With the widespread growth of medical images and improved communication and computer technologies in recent years, authenticity of the images has been a serious issue for E-health applications. In order to this, various notable watermarking techniques are developed by potential researchers. However, those techniques are unable to solve many issues that are necessary to be measured in future investigations. This paper surveys various watermarking techniques in medical domain. Along with the survey, general concepts of watermarking, major characteristics, recent applications, concepts of embedding and recovery process of watermark, and the summary of various techniques (in tabular form) are highlighted in brief. Further, major issues associated with medical image watermarking are also discussed to find out research directions for fledgling researchers and developers.

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  1. Department of CSE, NIT Patna, Bihar, Patna, India

    Ashima Anand & Amit Kumar Singh

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Anand, A., Singh, A.K. Watermarking techniques for medical data authentication: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 30165–30197 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08801-0

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