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A Novel Semi-fragile Digital Watermarking Scheme for Scrambled Image Authentication and Restoration

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Abstract

More than ever, the practical and accurate watermarking technologies are called for the growing amount of exchanged digital image over the Internet. To protect the integrity and authenticity of digital image and to enhance the effect of tamper detection and restoration, we design and implement a semi-fragile watermark based on cat transformation, mostly used to locate tamper and recover for the transformed image and plain-image. The watermark which consists of two parts: the authentication watermark and recovery watermark, is embedded into the 2 least significant bit (LSB) of the pixel of the original image. The authentication watermark is calculated by the pixel value comparison and the parity check code, while the recovery watermark contains the average pixel value of the Torus image block. In the detection side, we use the hierarchy concept to locate the tamper in three layers and recover the attacked image in two layers. By using the hierarchy concept, this algorithm has another superiority that tamper can be detected on confused image. The experimental results show that our algorithm can accurately locate tamper and realize the content recovery and effectively prevent the vector quantization attack. Compared with other algorithms, this algorithm has better effect of tamper location and recovery.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is supported by the National Science Foundation of China under grant No.61401060, 61501080, 61572095 and 61771090, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities’ under No. DUT16QY09, and the Social Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China No.15JY48.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information Science and Technology, Taishan University, Taian, 271000, China

    Bin Feng

  2. School of Software Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116620, People’s Republic of China

    Xiangli Li, Yingmo Jie & Cheng Guo

  3. Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116620, China

    Xiangli Li, Yingmo Jie & Cheng Guo

  4. School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430014, People’s Republic of China

    Huijuan Fu

  5. School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China

    Huijuan Fu

Authors
  1. Bin Feng
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  2. Xiangli Li
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  3. Yingmo Jie
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  4. Cheng Guo
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  5. Huijuan Fu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cheng Guo.

Additional information

A preliminary version of this paper appeared in Q-Shine 2017, 2017, December. This version includes a more detailed scheme and a concrete discussion, which was not included before.

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Feng, B., Li, X., Jie, Y. et al. A Novel Semi-fragile Digital Watermarking Scheme for Scrambled Image Authentication and Restoration. Mobile Netw Appl 25, 82–94 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1186-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1186-9

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