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High-glucose medium induces cellular differentiation and changes in metabolic functionality of oligodendroglia

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Abstract

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) are a uniformly distributed population of glial cells that are well known for proliferating and differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes to form the myelin sheet in the central nervous system (CNS). Since monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) has shown to be expressed by oligodendroglia, the involvement of these cells with the metabolic support to axons has emerged as an important role in the maintenance of neuronal functionality. Hyperglycemia is a metabolic dysfunction highly associated with oxidative stress, a classical feature linked to many disorders such as diabetes mellitus. Despite of being widely investigated in several different cell cultures, including astrocytes and neurons, such condition has been poorly investigated in OPC culture. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the possible effects of high-glucose exposure in acute and chronic conditions on oligodendroglial development and functionality in vitro. In this sense, we have demonstrated that under high-glucose exposure OPC improved its differentiation rate without affecting its membrane integrity and its morphology. Besides, chronic high-glucose condition also increased glucose uptake and lactate release. On the other hand, our findings also showed that, unlike what happens in other glial cells and neurons, high-glucose exposure did not seem to induce oxidative stress in OPC culture. Therefore, as far as we have investigated in this present study, we suggest that OPC may be able to support neurons and other glial cells during hyperglycemia events.

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Abbreviations

CNS:

Central nervous system

DCFH-DA:

2′-7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

GSH:

Glutathione

HBSS:

Hank’s balanced salt solution

HPLCH:

High performance liquid chromatography

MCT1:

Monocarboxylate transporter 1

NG2:

Neuron–glial antigen 2

OPC:

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells

PI:

Propidium iodide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)-Instituto Brasileiro de Neurociências (IBN Net) 01.06.0842-00, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteçãao (INCTEN/CNPq).

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  1. Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil

    Priscila Machado da Rosa, Leo Anderson Martins Meira, Diogo Onofre Souza, Larissa Daniele Bobermin, André Quincozes-Santos & Marina Concli Leite

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  1. Priscila Machado da Rosa
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Correspondence to Priscila Machado da Rosa.

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da Rosa, P.M., Meira, L.A.M., Souza, D.O. et al. High-glucose medium induces cellular differentiation and changes in metabolic functionality of oligodendroglia. Mol Biol Rep 46, 4817–4826 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04930-4

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