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Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for autoimmune diseases: emerging roles of extracellular vesicles

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Abstract

In autoimmune disease body’s own immune system knows healthy cells as undesired and foreign cells. Over 80 types of autoimmune diseases have been recognized. Currently, at clinical practice, treatment strategies for autoimmune disorders are based on relieving symptoms and preventing difficulties. In other words, there is no effective and useful therapy up to now. It has been well-known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory effects. This strongly suggests that MSCs might be as a novel modality for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Supporting this notion a few preclinical and clinical studies indicate that MSCs ameliorate autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, it has been found that the beneficial effects of MSCs in autoimmune disorders are not relying only on direct cell-to-cell communication but on their capability to produce a broad range of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vehicles (EVs). EVs are multi-signal messengers that play a serious role in intercellular signaling through carrying cargo such as mRNA, miRNA, and proteins. Numerous studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs are able to mimic the effects of the cell of origin on immune cells. In this review, we discuss the current studies dealing with MSC-based therapies in autoimmune diseases and provide a vision and highlight in order to introduce MSC-derived EVs as an alternative and emerging modality for autoimmune disorders.

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Acknowledgements

Part of this study was supported by Guilan University of Medical Sciences (Grant No: IR.GUMS.REC.1396.343).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

    Fariba Rad

  2. Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran

    Mohammad Ghorbani

  3. Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh

  4. Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar

  5. Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar

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  1. Fariba Rad
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  2. Mohammad Ghorbani
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  3. Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
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  4. Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
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Rad, F., Ghorbani, M., Mohammadi Roushandeh, A. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for autoimmune diseases: emerging roles of extracellular vesicles. Mol Biol Rep 46, 1533–1549 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04588-y

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