Abstract
Methyl viologen (MV) is the main ingredient of Paraquat. It is little known about how plants respond to this compound. To understand the mode of MV action and molecular mechanism of plant response, we performed experiments of microarray on Arabidopsis. In MV treated seedling, approximately 6 % genes were altered at mRNA levels, including 818 genes increased, whereas 1,440 genes decreased. Studies of these genes expression patterns provided some new information on the reaction process of plant after the treatment with MV. These included signaling molecules for MV response and reactive oxygen species formation, enzymes required for secondary metabolism and, cell wall maintenance and strategy of photostasis balance. The expression kinetics of the genes induced by MV will provides useful information for the abiotic stress defense mechanism in plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babbs CF, Pham JA, Coolbaugh RC (1989) Lethal hydroxyl radical production in paraquat-treated plants. Plant Physiol 90(4):1267–1270
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1989) Reactions of the superoxide radical. In: Free radicals in biology and medicine. Free radicals in biology and medicine. Clarendon press, Oxford
Hartel H, Haseloff RF, Ebert B (1992) Free radical formation in chloroplasts: methyl violigen action. J photochem photobiol 12:375–387
Hart JJ, Di Tomaso JM (1994) Sequestration and oxygen radical detoxification as mechanisms of paraquat resistance. Weed science 277–284
Szigeti Z (2005) Mechanism of paraquat resistance–from the antioxidant enzymes to the transporters. Acta biol szeged 49:177–179
Song XS, Tiao CL, Shi K, Mao WH, Ogweno JO, Zhou YH, Yu JQ (2006) The response of antioxidant enzymes in cellular organelles in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves to methyl viologen-induced photo-oxidative stress. Plant Growth Regul 49(1):85–93
Zeng Q, Liu S, Guo Y, Zheng X (1996) Effect of methyl viologen on physiology and biochemical of plant cells. J Appl Environ Biol 2:405–407
Rey P, Cuine S, Eymery F, Garin J, Court M, Jacquot JP, Rouhier N, Broin M (2005) Analysis of the proteins targeted by CDSP32, a plastidic thioredoxin participating in oxidative stress responses. Plant J 41(1):31–42
Lee SC, Choi HW, Hwang IS, Hwang BK (2006) Functional roles of the pepper pathogen-induced bZIP transcription factor, CAbZIP1, in enhanced resistance to pathogen infection and environmental stresses. Planta 224(5):1209–1225
Xi J, Xu P, Xiang CB (2012) Loss of AtPDR11, a plasma membrane-localized ABC transporter, confers paraquat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 69(5):782–791
LehtiShiu DM, Zou C, Shiu SH (2012) Origin, diversity, expansion history, and functional evolution of the plant receptor-like kinase/pelle family. Springerlink, Recept-like Kinase Plants Signal Commun PlantS 13:1–22
Li J, Mu J, Bai J, Fu F, Zou T, An F, Zhang J, Jing H, Wang Q, Li Z (2013) Paraquat resistant 1, a golgi-localized putative transporter protein, is involved in intracellular transport of paraquat. Plant Physiol 162:470–483
Xu S, Wang L, Zhang B, Han B, Xie Y, Yang J, Zhong W, Chen H, Wang R, Wang N (2012) RNAi knockdown of rice SE5 gene is sensitive to the herbicide methyl viologen by the down-regulation of antioxidant defense. Plant Mol Biol 80(2):219–235
Armstrong GA, Runge S, Frick G, Sperling U, Apel K (1995) Identification of NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases A and B: a branched pathway for light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 108(4):1505–1517
Peng RH, Xu RR, Fu XY, Xiong AS, Zhao W, Tian YS, Zhu B, Jin XF, Chen C, Han HJ (2011) Microarray analysis of the phytoremediation and phytosensing of occupational toxicant naphthalene. J Hazard Mater 189(1):19–26
Beyer WF Jr, Fridovich I (1987) Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal Biochem 161(2):559–566
MacAdam JW, Nelson CJ, Sharp RE (1992) Peroxidase activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue I. Spatial distribution of ionically bound peroxidase activity in genotypes differing in length of the elongation zone. Plant Physiol 99(3):872–878
Shiu SH, Bleecker AB (2003) Expansion of the receptor-like kinase/Pelle gene family and receptor-like proteins in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 132(2):530–543
Stahl Y, Wink RH, Ingram GC, Simon R (2009) A signaling module controlling the stem cell niche in arabidopsis root meristems. Curr Biol 19(11):909–914
Wrzaczek M, Overmyer K, Kangasjärvi J (2010) Plant ROS and RNS: making plant science more radical than ever. Physiol Plant 138(4):357–359
Chen K, Du L, Chen Z (2003) Sensitization of defense responses and activation of programmed cell death by a pathogen-induced receptor-like protein kinase in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 53(1–2):61–74
Chen K, Fan B, Du L, Chen Z (2004) Activation of hypersensitive cell death by pathogen-induced receptor-like protein kinases from Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 56(2):271–283
Alessandra C, Giuseppina R, Riccardo A, Rodolfo F, Paraskevi T (2006) Functions of amine oxidases in plant development and defence. Trends Plant Sci 11(2):80–88
Murgia I, Tarantino D, Vannini C, Bracale M, Carravieri S, Soave C (2004) Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase show increased resistance to Paraquat-induced photooxidative stress and to nitric oxide-induced cell death. Plant J 38(6):940–953
Dietz KJ (2003) Plant peroxiredoxins. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54(1):93–107
Kim KH, Alam I, Lee KW, Sharmin SA, Kwak S–S, Lee SY, Lee BH (2010) Enhanced tolerance of transgenic tall fescue plants overexpressing 2-Cys peroxiredoxin against methyl viologen and heat stresses. Biotechnol Lett 32(4):571–576
Jang HH, Lee KO, Chi YH, Jung BG, Park SK, Park JH, Lee JR, Lee SS, Moon JC, Yun JW (2004) Two enzymes in one: two yeast peroxiredoxins display oxidative stress-dependent switching from a peroxidase to a molecular chaperone function. Cell 117(5):625–635
Dat J, Vandenabeele S, Vranova E, Van Montagu M, Inzé D, Van Breusegem F (2000) Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 57(5):779–795
Kim MD, Kim YH, Kwon SY, Jang BY, Lee SY, Yun DJ, Cho JH, Kwak SS, Lee HS (2011) Overexpression of 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin enhances tolerance to methyl viologen-mediated oxidative stress and high temperature in potato plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 49(8):891–897
Geiger D, Maierhofer T, AL-Rasheid KA, Scherzer S, Mumm P, Liese A, Ache P, Wellmann C, Marten I, Grill E (2011) Stomatal closure by fast abscisic acid signaling is mediated by the guard cell anion channel SLAH3 and the receptor RCAR1. Sci Signal 4 (173):ra32
Laloi C, Rayapuram N, Chartier Y, Grienenberger J-M, Bonnard G, Meyer Y (2001) Identification and characterization of a mitochondrial thioredoxin system in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98(24):14144–14149
Mittler R, Vanderauwera S, Gollery M, Van Breusegem F (2004) Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Trends Plant Sci 9(10):490–498
Vranová E, Atichartpongkul S, Villarroel R, Van Montagu M, Inzé D, Van Camp W (2002) Comprehensive analysis of gene expression in Nicotiana tabacum leaves acclimated to oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99(16):10870–10875
Foyer CH, Noctor G (2005) Redox homeostasis and antioxidant signaling: a metabolic interface between stress perception and physiological responses. Plant Cell Online 17(7):1866–1875
Baier M, Dietz KJ (2005) Chloroplasts as source and target of cellular redox regulation: a discussion on chloroplast redox signals in the context of plant physiology. J Exp Bot 56(416):1449–1462
Desikan R, Soheila AH, Hancock JT, Neill SJ (2001) Regulation of the Arabidopsis transcriptome by oxidative stress. Plant Physiol 127(1):159–172
Kovtun Y, Chiu WL, Tena G, Sheen J (2000) Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97(6):2940–2945
Yanhui C, Xiaoyuan Y, Kun H, Meihua L, Jigang L, Zhaofeng G, Zhiqiang L, Yunfei Z, Xiaoxiao W, Xiaoming Q (2006) The MYB transcription factor superfamily of Arabidopsis: expression analysis and phylogenetic comparison with the rice MYB family. Plant Mol Biol 60(1):107–124
Xu ZS, Chen M, Li LC, Ma YZ (2011) Functions and application of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family in crop improvement. J Integr Plant Biol 53(7):570–585
Licausi F, Giorgi F, Zenoni S, Osti F, Pezzotti M, Perata P (2010) Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the AP2/ERF superfamily in Vitis vinifera. BMC Genomics 11(1):719–734
Nakano T, Suzuki K, Fujimura T, Shinshi H (2006) Genome-wide analysis of the ERF gene family in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Physiol 140(2):411–432
Sharoni AM, Nuruzzaman M, Satoh K, Shimizu T, Kondoh H, Sasaya T, Choi I-R, Omura T, Kikuchi S (2011) Gene structures, classification and expression models of the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family in rice. Plant Cell Physiol 52(2):344–360
Roberto S, Anna S, Qimin C (1998) Nuclear events in ethylene signaling: a transcriptional cascade mediated by ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE -RESPONSE -FACTOR1. Genes Dev 12:3703–3714
Brown RL, Kazan K, McGrath KC, Maclean DJ, Manners JM (2003) A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1. 2 gene of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 132(2):1020–1032
Sasaki K, Mitsuhara I, Seo S, Ito H, Matsui H, Ohashi Y (2007) Two novel AP2/ERF domain proteins interact with cis-element VWRE for wound-induced expression of the Tobacco tpoxN1 gene. Plant J 50(6):1079–1092
Bancosİ S, Nomura T, Sato T, Molnár G, Bishop GJ, Koncz C, Yokota T, Nagy F, Szekeres M (2002) Regulation of transcript levels of the Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 130(1):504–513
Guengerich FP (2007) Cytochrome p450 and chemical toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 21(1):70–83
Ohta D, Mizutani M (1998) Plant geraniol/nerol 10-hydroxylase and DNA coding therefore. USA Patent, No. 5753507
Dewey R, Siminszky B, Bowen S, Gavilano L (2008) Alteration of tobacco alkaloid content throughmodification of specific cytochrome P450 genes. WO Patent 2,008,070,274
Ahrens WH, Edwards MT (1994) Herbicide handbook. Weed Science Society of America Champaign, 7th Edition, pp. 177–179
Jørgensen K, Morant AV, Morant M, Jensen NB, Olsen CE, Kannangara R, Motawia MS, Møller BL, Bak S (2011) Biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in cassava: isolation, biochemical characterization, and expression pattern of CYP71E7, the oxime-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme. Plant Physiol 155(1):282–292
Durst F, Nelson DR (1995) Diversity and evolution of plant P450 and P450-reductases. Drug Metab Drug Interact 12:189–206
Von Wettstein D, Gough S, Kannangara CG (1995) Chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7(7):1039–1057
Holtorf H, Reinbothe S, Reinbothe C, Bereza B, Apel K (1995) Two routes of chlorophyllide synthesis that are differentially regulated by light in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Proc Natl Acad Sci 92(8):3254–3258
Kumar AM, Söll D (2000) Antisense HEMA1 RNA expression inhibits heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 122(1):49–56
Horton P (2000) Prospects for crop improvement through the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis: morphological and biochemical aspects of light capture. J Exp Bot 51(Suppl 1):475–485
Müller P, Li XP, Niyogi KK (2001) Non-photochemical quenching. A response to excess light energy. Plant Physiol 125(4):1558–1566
Shimizu H, Peng L, Myouga F, Motohashi R, Shinozaki K, Shikanai T (2008) CRR23/NdhL is a subunit of the chloroplast NAD (P) H dehydrogenase complex in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 49(5):835–842
Acknowledgments
The research was supported by the Key Project Fund of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of Agriculture (No. 2011-1-8) and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation (2010DFA62320, 11230705900) and National Natural Science Foundation (31071486).The Key Project Fund of Science and Technology Committee of the Shanghai Minhang Municipality (2012MH059).Young Foundation of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science (2012-16, 2010-14). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
11033_2014_3396_MOESM2_ESM.doc
Supplementary material Table 2 Significant genes up and down-regulated (≥ 2.0 folds and ≤ 10 % cv) in response to Methyl Viologen (DOC 2543 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, HJ., Peng, RH., Zhu, B. et al. Gene expression profiles of arabidopsis under the stress of methyl viologen: a microarray analysis. Mol Biol Rep 41, 7089–7102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3396-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3396-y