Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe progressive neurodegenerative as well as disruptive behavior disorder affecting innumerable people throughout the world. The discovery of potential biomarkers in the clinical scenario would lead to the development of effective methods of diagnosis and would provide an understanding of the prognosis of the disease. Moreover, breakthrough inventions for the treatment and prevention of this mysterious disease could evolve as a result of a thorough understanding of the clinical biomarkers. In this review, we have discussed about specific biomarkers of SZ an emphasis has been laid to delineate (1) diagnostic biomarkers like neuroimmune biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, oligodendrocyte biomarkers and biomarkers of negative and cognitive symptoms, (2) therapeutic biomarkers like various neurotransmitter systems and (3) prognostic biomarkers. All the biomarkers were evaluated in drug-naïve (at least for 4 weeks) patients in order to achieve a clear comparison between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Also, an attempt has been made to elucidate the potential genes which serve as predictors and tools for the determination of biomarkers and would ultimately help in the prevention and treatment of this deadly illness.
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This work is supported by the seed research grant, early career research grant (ECR/2016/001846) and SPARC grant (SPARC/2018-2019/P435/SL) awarded to Dr. Vinod Tiwari by IIT (BHU), Varanasi, Science and Engineering Research Board and Ministry of Human Resource & Development, Government of India respectively. We would also like to acknowledge the Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India for providing the necessary facilities and infrastructure.
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Conceptualization and writing of first draft of Article- Vinod Tiwari, Shivangi Patel; Editing of the manuscript- Dilip, Ankit, Akhilesh and Anagha; Conceptualization and final proof reading of the manuscript- Vinod Tiwari, Shivangi Patel.
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Patel, S., Sharma, D., Uniyal, A. et al. Recent advancements in biomarker research in schizophrenia: mapping the road from bench to bedside. Metab Brain Dis 37, 2197–2211 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-00926-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-00926-5