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Genetics and Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia: an Update

  • Psychosis (A Ahmed, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

In this article, we will review the recent progress in pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic drugs in regard to treatment response in schizophrenia.

Recent Findings

Research yielded new frontiers in schizophrenia over the past decade: progress in characterizing the first episode, understanding treatment-resistant illness, deciphering the role of inflammation, and developing tools for treatment of neurocognitive deficits. Notwithstanding the new insights into pathogenesis and treatment targets, our ability to individualize the treatment of schizophrenia in clinical practice has not followed suit. Herein, we review the advances that have been made in understanding the genetic variation in traditional drug targets like dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate receptors, as well as genetic markers associated with response in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and neurocognition.

Summary

Practitioners are still longing for a test that would inform the choice of antipsychotic treatment and guide medication dosing, such that patients avoid spending time on failed treatment trials. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia may be one of the first areas to benefit of prediction of patients’ response to antipsychotic medication.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Adriana Foster, Asim Nisar, Gabriel Sanchez & Michelle Trieu

  2. Citrus Health Network, Miami, FL, USA

    Adriana Foster & Gabriel Sanchez

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  1. Adriana Foster
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  2. Asim Nisar
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Correspondence to Adriana Foster.

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Adriana Foster, Asim Nisar, Gabriel Sanchez, and Michelle Trieu declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Psychosis

Glossary of Terms

Allele

One of several alternative forms of a gene at a given locus (a SNP has two alleles)

Epistasis

One gene locus masks or modifies the phenotype of another gene locus (phenotypes can change due to gene interactions)

Haplotype

Combination of alleles at two or more closely linked gene loci on the same chromosome (for example, the human leukocyte antigen system)

Intron

Sequence of DNA that does not contribute to the genetic information translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein molecule

P

Short arm of chromosome

Polymorphism

Genetic variation that occurs with a frequency of 1% or more in population

q

Long arm of chromosome

SNP

(single-nucleotide polymorphism) Substitution from one nucleotide into another (for example, cytosine [C] to timine [T]) creating a mutation in DNA

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Foster, A., Nisar, A., Sanchez, G. et al. Genetics and Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia: an Update. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 4, 221–230 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40473-017-0119-4

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