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Holocene ice dynamics and bottom-water formation associated with Cape Darnley polynya activity recorded in Burton Basin, East Antarctica

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Abstract

A multi-proxy study including sedimentological, mineralogical, biogeochemical and micropaleontological methods was conducted on sediment core PS69/849-2 retrieved from Burton Basin, MacRobertson Shelf, East Antarctica. The goal of this study was to depict the deglacial and Holocene environmental history of the MacRobertson Land–Prydz Bay region. A special focus was put on the timing of ice-sheet retreat and the variability of bottom-water formation due to sea ice formation through the Holocene. Results from site PS69/849-2 provide the first paleo-environmental record of Holocene variations in bottom-water production probably associated to the Cape Darnley polynya, which is the second largest polynya in the Antarctic. Methods included end-member modeling of laser-derived high-resolution grain size data to reconstruct the depositional regimes and bottom-water activity. The provenance of current-derived and ice-transported material was reconstructed using clay-mineral and heavy-mineral analysis. Conclusions on biogenic production were drawn by determination of biogenic opal and total organic carbon. It was found that the ice shelf front started to retreat from the site around 12.8 ka BP. This coincides with results from other records in Prydz Bay and suggests warming during the early Holocene optimum next to global sea level rise as the main trigger. Ice-rafted debris was then supplied to the site until 5.5 cal. ka BP, when Holocene global sea level rise stabilized and glacial isostatic rebound on MacRobertson Land commenced. Throughout the Holocene, three episodes of enhanced bottom-water activity probably due to elevated brine rejection in Cape Darnley polynya occured between 11.5 and 9 cal. ka BP, 5.6 and 4.5 cal. ka BP and since 1.5 cal. ka BP. These periods are related to shifts from warmer to cooler conditions at the end of Holocene warm periods, in particular the early Holocene optimum, the mid-Holocene warm period and at the beginning of the neoglacial. In contrast, between 7.7 and 6.7 cal. ka BP, brine rejection shut down, maybe owed to warm conditions and pronounced open-water intervals.

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Acknowledgments

This investigation was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft priority program SPP 1158 through grant DI 655/3-1/-2. We thank the officers and crew of RV Polarstern and chief scientist H. W. Hubberten for their competent help in collecting the samples. R. Froehlking, N. Lensch, U. Bock and U. Bastian are acknowledged for technical assistance. The manuscript benefited from comments and constructive suggestions of Sonja Berg and Bernd Wagner. Keiichiro Ohshima gave important insights into modern polynya activity and bottom-water flow paths on MacRobertson Shelf. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments and suggestions for improvement of the manuscript.

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  1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Andreas Borchers & Bernhard Diekmann

  2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Elisabeth Dietze

  3. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Gerhard Kuhn & Oliver Esper

  4. MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Leobener Str., 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Ines Voigt

  5. Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249, Berlin, Germany

    Kai Hartmann

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Borchers, A., Dietze, E., Kuhn, G. et al. Holocene ice dynamics and bottom-water formation associated with Cape Darnley polynya activity recorded in Burton Basin, East Antarctica. Mar Geophys Res 37, 49–70 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11001-015-9254-z

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