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The Combination of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 Synergistically Promotes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Abstract

Stem cell therapy is a new approach in veterinary medicine for the treatment of complicated disorders such as articular cartilage injuries in horses. Although the equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eBMSCs) have a unique capacity in chondrogenic differentiation, it needs to be optimized. In the current study, we evaluated the enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation in eBMSCs using transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) and bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP-6) in vitro. The characterized eBMSCs at passage 3 (P3) were cultivated as micro-pellets for 21 days under different conditions: (1) basic culture medium (BCM), (2) chondrogenic differentiation medium (CDM), (3) CDM with BMP-6, (4) CDM with TGF-β3, and (5) CDM with BMP-6 and TGF-β3 to evaluate the chondrogenic differentiation by assessment of pellet size, histological characteristics, and gene expression profile. Pellet size in groups that contained growth factors had a significant difference in comparison with the control group or chondrogenic group without growth factors. The histological assessment showed that the cartilage progression score in groups containing TGF-β3, alone or combined with BMP-6, was significantly higher in comparison with that of the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the aggrecan gene was expressed in all groups except the control group, while collagen type II was just expressed in groups containing TGF-β3, alone or combined with BMP-6. TGF-β3 may have more promising effects on the enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation of eBMSCs in comparison with BMP-6. However, the combination of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 promoted chondrogenic differentiation of eBMSCs in a synergistic manner.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohsen Taghavi, Abbas Parham & Ahmadreza Raji

  2. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Abbas Parham

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  1. Mohsen Taghavi
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  2. Abbas Parham
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  3. Ahmadreza Raji
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Correspondence to Abbas Parham.

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All animal procedures were approved by The Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

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Taghavi, M., Parham, A. & Raji, A. The Combination of TGF-β3 and BMP-6 Synergistically Promotes the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 26, 727–735 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09880-w

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