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Integrating landscape ecology and the assessment of ecosystem services in the study of karst areas

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Abstract

Context

A landscape is defined as a “system of ecosystems” and this is a model in which karst areas can easily be integrated. In karst areas, much of the connectivity between the units of the landscape is underground, with aquifers and caves forming a continuous layered tissue. However, underground environments are among the least studied landscapes on Earth because of limited accessibility and the difficulty of performing surveys.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for applying principles of landscape ecology to research on karst environments.

Methods

By adapting the standard patch-corridor-matrix model to a 3d model, the main issues that need to be addressed were identified. These include identifying the main morphological (surface and underground) karst features; determining the landscape structure through its features, composition, and configuration; and developing adequate indices.

Results

The landscape spatial structure of different karst areas influences fundamental ecological functions and biodiversity patterns. Determining how structure, biodiversity, and functions relate reveals important insights into the functioning of karst systems. Emphasizing the provisioning of ecosystem services is essential in supporting the concept that karst regions are vital for human well-being because they host valuable resources and fundamental ecosystem processes. The paper discusses how this framework helps address anthropogenic impacts and conservation issues on karst.

Conclusions

The potential of applying a landscape approach to karst systems lies in developing models that provide ecological information relevant to understanding karst systems and understanding their implications for natural resources management.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Claudia Canedoli & Emilio Padoa-Schioppa

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Gentile Francesco Ficetola

  3. Gruppo Grotte Saronno, Varese, Italy

    Claudia Canedoli, Davide Corengia & Andrea Ferrario

  4. Gruppo Grotte Milano, Milan, Italy

    Paola Tognini

  5. Federazione Speleologica Lombarda, Milan, Italy

    Paola Tognini & Andrea Ferrario

Authors
  1. Claudia Canedoli
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  2. Gentile Francesco Ficetola
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  3. Davide Corengia
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  4. Paola Tognini
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  5. Andrea Ferrario
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  6. Emilio Padoa-Schioppa
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Correspondence to Claudia Canedoli.

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Canedoli, C., Ficetola, G.F., Corengia, D. et al. Integrating landscape ecology and the assessment of ecosystem services in the study of karst areas. Landsc Ecol 37, 347–365 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01351-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01351-2

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