Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the natural convection of nanofluids in diverse shapes of enclosures: an exhaustive review

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The ultimate goal of the present review paper is to summarize and discuss the findings of the most recently published literature on natural convection of nanofluids in various enclosures. The review covers five different geometries of enclosures: square, circular, triangular, trapezoidal, and unconventional geometries. The core findings of the reviewed papers are summarized and tabulated in a table. Moreover, the relation between the thermophysical properties and the way they affect each other is demonstrated for different geometries of enclosures. Various numerical methods, such as finite difference, finite volume, and finite element methods, as well as different microscopic models, such as single-phase and two-phase models, are considered in this review.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Nu:

Nusselt

Ra:

Rayleigh

Ha:

Hartmann

Le:

Lewis

Pr:

Prandtl

LBM:

Lattice Boltzmann Method

RSM:

Response surface method

EMM:

Eulerian mixture model

EEM:

Eulerian–Eulerian model

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamic

Gr:

Grashof

References

  1. Sheremet MA. Steady-state free convection in right-angle porous trapezoidal cavity filled by a nanofluid: Buongiorno’s mathematical model. Eur J Mech B/Fluids. 2015;53:241–50.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. Asadi. A guideline towards easing the decision-making process in selecting an effective nanofluid as a heat transfer fluid. Energy Convers Manage. 2018: 175.

  3. Asadi A. An experimental and theoretical investigation on heat transfer capability of Mg (OH) 2/MWCNT-engine oil hybrid nano-lubricant adopted as a coolant and lubricant fluid. Appl Therm Eng. 2018;129:577–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Masuda H, Ebata K, Teramae K. Alteration of thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquid by dispersing ultra-fine particles (dispersion of γ-Al2O3, SiO2 and TiO2 ultra-fine particles). Netsu Bussei. 1993;7:227–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Maxwell J. Electricity and magnetism. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1873.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Asadi A, Ibrahim MA, Loke KF. An experimental study on characterization, stability and dynamic viscosity of CuO-TiO2/water hybrid nanofluid. J Mol Liq. 2020;307:112987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Alarifi IM, Alkouh AB, Ali V, Nguyen HM, Asadi A. On the rheological properties of MWCNT-TiO2/oil hybrid nanofluid: an experimental investigation on the effects of shear rate, temperature, and solid concentration of nanoparticles. Powder Technol. 2019;355:157–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Asadi A, Pourfattah F. Heat transfer performance of two oil-based nanofluids containing ZnO and MgO nanoparticles; a comparative experimental investigation. Powder Technol. 2019;343:296–308.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Asadi A, Ibrahim MA, Loke KF. An experimental investigation on the effects of ultrasonication time on stability and thermal conductivity of MWCNT-water nanofluid: finding the optimum ultrasonication time. Ultrason Sonochem. 2019;58:104639.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Asadi A, Asadi M, Siahmargoi M, Asadi T, Andarati M. G The effect of surfactant and sonication time on the stability and thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluid containing Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles: an experimental investigation. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;108:191–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Esfe MH. Thermal conductivity of Cu/TiO2-water/EG hybrid nanofluid: experimental data and modeling using artificial neural network and correlation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2015;66:100–4.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Alshayji A, Asadi A, Alarifi IM. On the heat transfer effectiveness and pumping power assessment of a diamond-water nanofluid based on thermophysical properties: an experimental study. Powder Technol. 2020;373:397–410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Esfe MH, Firouzi M, Afrand M. Heat transfer efficiency of Al 2 O 3 -MWCNT/thermal oil hybrid nanofluid as a cooling fluid in thermal and energy management applications: an experimental and theoretical investigation. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2018;117:474–86.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Alshayji A, Asadi A, Alarifi IM. Effects of magnetic field on the convective heat transfer rate and entropy generation of a nanofluid in an inclined square cavity equipped with a conductor fin: considering the radiation effect. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2019;133:256–67.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Asadi A, Bakhtiyari AN, Alarifi IM. Predictability evaluation of support vector regression methods for thermophysical properties, heat transfer performance, and pumping power estimation of MWCNT/ZnO–engine oil hybrid nanofluid. Eng Comput. 2020: 1–11.

  16. Asadi A, Bakhtiyari AN, Alarifi IM. Feasibility of least-square support vector machine in predicting the effects of shear rate on the rheological properties and pumping power of MWCNT–MgO/oil hybrid nanofluid based on experimental data. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020.

  17. Alarifi IM, Nguyen HM, Naderi Bakhtiyari A, Asadi A. Feasibility of ANFIS-PSO and ANFIS-GA models in predicting thermophysical properties of Al2O3-MWCNT/Oil hybrid nanofluid,‖. Materials. 2019;12:21.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pourfattah F, Sabzpooshani M, Bayer Ö, Toghraie D, Asadi A. On the optimization of a vertical twisted tape arrangement in a channel subjected to MWCNT–water nanofluid by coupling numerical simulation and genetic algorithm. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–13.

  19. Lyu Z, Pourfattah F, Arani AAA, Asadi A, Foong LK. On the thermal performance of a fractal microchannel subjected to water and kerosene carbon nanotube nanofluid. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lyu Z, Pourfattah F, Arani AAA, Asadi A, Foong LK. Thermal and fluid dynamics performance of MWCNT-water nanofluid based on thermophysical properties: an experimental and theoretical study. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5185.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Asadi A, et al. Recent advances in preparation methods and thermophysical properties of oil-based nanofluids: a state-of-the-art review. Powder Technol. 2019;352:209–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Asadi A, et al. Effect of sonication characteristics on stability, thermophysical properties, and heat transfer of nanofluids: a comprehensive review. Ultrason Sonochem. 2019;58:104701.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Arshad A, Jabbal M, Yan Y, Reay D. A review on graphene based nanofluids: preparation, characterization and applications. J Mol Liq. 2019;279:444–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Khanafer K, Vafai K, Lightstone M. Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2003;46(19):3639–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Asadi A, et al. The effect of temperature and solid concentration on dynamic viscosity of MWCNT/MgO (20–80)–SAE50 hybrid nano-lubricant and proposing a new correlation: an experimental study. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2016;78:48–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Asadi M, Asadi A. Dynamic viscosity of MWCNT/ZnO-engine oil hybrid nanofluid: an experimental investigation and new correlation in different temperatures and solid concentrations. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2016: 76.

  27. Choi SU, Eastman JA. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. 1995.

  28. Dahani Y, Hasnaoui M, Amahmid A, Hasnaoui S. Lattice-Boltzmann modeling of forced convection in a lid-driven square cavity filled with a nanofluid and containing a horizontal thin heater. Energy Procedia. 2017;139:134–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Esmaeili H, Armaghani T, Abedini A, Pop I. Turbulent combined forced and natural convection of nanofluid in a 3D rectangular channel using two-phase model approach. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;135(6):3247–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen CL, Chang SC, Chang CK. Lattice Boltzmann simulation for mixed convection of nanofluids in a square enclosure. Appl Math Model. 2015;39:2436–51.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sheikholeslami M, Gorji-Bandpy M, Ganji DD, Rana P, Soleimani S. Magnetohydrodynamic free convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid considering Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. Comput Fluids. 2014;94:147–60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hoseinpour B, Ashorynejad HR, Javaherdeh K. Entropy generation of nanofluid in a porous cavity by lattice boltzmann method. J Thermophys Heat Transfer. 2017;31(1):20–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mamun MAH, Tanim TR, Rahman MM, Saidur R, Nagata S. Analysis of mixed convection in a lid driven trapezoidal cavity. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2011.

  34. Saha SC. Scaling of free convection heat transfer in a triangular cavity for Pr > 1. Energy Build. 2011;43(10):2908–17.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Saleh H. Natural convection heat transfer in a nanofluid-filled trapezoidal enclosure. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2011;54(1–3):194–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sun Q, Pop I. Free convection in a triangle cavity filled with a porous medium saturated with nanofluids with flush mounted heater on the wall. Int J Therm Sci. 2011;50(11):2141–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Mliki B, Abbassi MA, Omri A, Zeghmati B. Augmentation of natural convective heat transfer in linearly heated cavity by utilizing nanofluids in the presence of magnetic field and uniform heat generation/absorption. Powder Technol. 2015;284:312–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Saeid NH, Mohamad AA. Natural convection in a porous cavity with spatial sidewall temperature variation. Int J Numer Meth Heat Fluid Flow. 2005;15(6):555–66.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hatami M, Song D, Jing D. Optimization of a circular-wavy cavity filled by nanofluid under the natural convection heat transfer condition. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;98:758–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Al-Zamily AMJ. Effect of magnetic field on natural convection in a nanofluid-filled semi-circular enclosure with heat flux source. Comput Fluids. 2014;103:71–85.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Chang C. Hydromagnetic flow with thermal radiation. Convect Conduct Heat Transf 2011.

  42. Nemati H, Farhadi M, Sedighi K, Ashorynejad HR, Fattahi EJSI. Magnetic field effects on natural convection flow of nanofluid in a rectangular cavity using the Lattice Boltzmann model. Scientia Iranica. 2012;19(2):303–10.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ashorynejad HR, Shahriari A. Natural convection of hybrid nanofluid in an open wavy cavity. Results Phys. 2018;9:440–55.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Mejri I, Mahmoudi A, Abbassi MA, Omri A. LBM simulation of natural convection in an inclined triangular cavity filled with water. Alexandria Eng J. 2016;55(2):1385–94.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sheikholeslami M, Gorji-Bandpy M, Vajravelu K. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of magnetohydrodynamic natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3-water nanofluid in a horizontal cylindrical enclosure with an inner triangular cylinder. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2015;80:16–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hatami M. Numerical study of nanofluids natural convection in a rectangular cavity including heated fins. J Mol Liq. 2017;233:1–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Saghir M, et al. Two-phase and single phase models of flow of nanofluid in a square cavity: comparison with experimental results. Int J Therm Sci. 2016;100:372–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Göktepe S, et al. Comparison of single and two-phase models for nanofluid convection at the entrance of a uniformly heated tube. Int J Therm Sci. 2014;80:83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Buongiorno J. Convective transport in nanofluids. J Heat Transfer. 2006;128:3.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Al JBE. A benchmark study on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. J Appl Phys. 2009;106:9.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Walker KL, Homsy GM. Convection in a porous cavity. J Fluid Mech. 1978;87(3):449–74.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Rui Zhang AG, et al. Simulating natural convection and entropy generation of a nanofluid in an inclined enclosure under an angled magnetic field with a circular fin and radiation effect. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;139:3803–16.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shantanu Dutta NG, et al. Natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation in a porous rhombic enclosure: influence of non–uniform heating. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020;020:09634–7.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yuan MA, et al. Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li correlation for simulation of nanofluid natural convection in hollow cavity in existence of magnetic field. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;137(4):1413–29.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ahmed Sameh E, et al. MHD natural convection from two heating modes in fined triangular enclosures filled with porous media using nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;139(5):3133–49.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Mehryan SAM, et al. Natural convection of multi-walled carbon nanotube–Fe3O4/water magnetic hybrid nanofluid flowing in porous medium considering the impacts of magnetic field-dependent viscosity. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;138(2):1541–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hashemi–Tilehnoee1 M et al. Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection and entropy generation analyses inside a nanofluid-filled incinerator-shaped porous cavity with wavy heater block. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–3.

  58. Selimefendigil Fatih, et al. Natural convection in a CuO–water nanofluid filled cavity under the effect of an inclined magnetic field and phase change material (PCM) attached to its vertical wall. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;135(2):1577–94.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Dogonchi AS et al. Numerical simulation of hydrothermal features of Cu–H2O nanofluid natural convection within a porous annulus considering diverse configurations of heater. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–7.

  60. Matori A, et al. Lattice Boltzmann study of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)- Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluids natural convection heat transfer in a Pshaped cavity equipped by hot obstacle. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;136(6):2495–508.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Sobhani M. Taguchi optimization for natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3 nanofluid in a partially heated cavity using LBM. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;138(2):889–904.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Abasi ZA, et al. Comprehensive simulation of nanofluid flow and heat transfer in straight ribbed microtube using single-phase and two-phase models for choosing the best conditions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;139(1):701–20.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Mostafazadehf Amir, et al. Effect of radiation on laminar natural convection of nanofluid in a vertical channel with single- and two-phase approaches. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;138(1):779–94.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Etesami N et al. Theoretical comparative assessment of single- and two phase models for natural convection heat transfer of Fe3O4/ethylene glycol nanofluid in the presence of electric field. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–2.

  65. Mohammad V et al. Two-phase simulation of nanofluid flow in a heat exchanger with a grooved wall. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–25.

  66. Esmaeili Hossein, et al. Turbulent combined force and natural convection of nanofluid in a 3-D rectangular channel using two-phase model approach. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;135(6):3247–57.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Siavashi Majid, et al. Numerical analysis of mixed convection of two-phase non-Newtonian nanofluid flow inside a partially porous square enclosure with a rotating cylinder. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;137(1):267–87.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Zi-Tao Y, et al. A numerical investigation of transient natural convection heat transfer of aqueous nanofluids in a differentially heated square cavity. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2011;38:585–9.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Teamah MA, et al. Augmentation of natural convective heat transfer in square cavity by utilizing nanofluids in the presence of magnetic field and uniform heat generation/absorption. Int J Therm Sci. 2012;58:130–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ho CJ, et al. Natural convection heat transfer of alumina-water nanofluid in vertical square enclosures: an experimental study. Int J Therm Sci. 2010;49:1345–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ho CJ, et al. Numerical simulation of natural convection of nanofluid in a square enclosure: effects due to uncertainties of viscosity and thermal conductivity. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2008;51:4506–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Bhuiyana AH, et al. Natural convection of water-based nanofluids in a square cavity with partially heated of the bottom wall. Proc Eng. 2017;194:435–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Mahian O, et al. Natural convection of silica nanofluids in square and triangular enclosures: theoretical and experimental study. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;99:792–804.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Yuan M. LBM simulation of MHD nanofluid heat transfer in a square cavity with a cooled porous obstacle: effects of various temperature boundary conditions. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019.

  75. Abu-Nada H. Numerical study of natural convection in partially heated rectangular enclosures filled with nanofluids. Int J Heat Fluid Flow. 2008;29:1326–36.

    Google Scholar 

  76. ÖǧÜT EB. Natural convection of water-based nanofluids in an inclined enclosure with a heat source. Int J Therm Sci. 2009;48:2063–73.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Rashidi I. Natural convection of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a square cavity: effects of heterogeneous heating. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2014;74:391–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Mohamed A, et al. Natural convection heat transfer inside vertical circular enclosure filled with water-based Al2O3 nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci. 2013;63:115–24.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Gabriela Huminic AH. A numerical approach on hybrid nanofluid behavior in laminar duct flow with various cross sections. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–14.

  80. Yu Q et al. Experimental and numerical study of natural convection in bottom-heated cylindrical cavity filled with molten salt nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 2019: 1–13.

  81. Farooq H, Ali H, et al. Natural convection of nanoencapsulated phase change suspensions inside a local thermal non-equilibrium porous annulus. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2020: 1–16.

  82. Aminossadati SM. Hydromagnetic natural cooling of a triangular heat source in a triangular cavity with water-CuO nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2013;43:22–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Öztop FS, et al. Natural convection in a flexible sided triangular cavity with internal heat generation under the effect of inclined magnetic field. J Magn Magn Mater. 2016;417:327–37.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Mejri I, Mahmoudi A. MHD natural convection in a nanofluid-filled open enclosure with a sinusoidal boundary condition. Chem Eng Res Des. 2015;98:1–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Chowdhury R, et al. Finite element analysis of double-diffusive natural convection in a porous triangular enclosure filled with Al2O3-water nanofluid in presence of heat generation. Heliyon. 2016;2:8.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Sheremet MA, et al. MHD free convection in a wavy open porous tall cavity filled with nanofluids under an effect of corner heater. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;103:955–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Alsabery AI, et al. Transient natural convective heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity filled with non-Newtonian nanofluid with sinusoidal boundary conditions on both sidewalls. Powder Technol. 2016;308:214–34.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Roslan R, et al. Buoyancy-driven heat transfer in nanofluid-filled trapezoidal enclosure with variable thermal conductivity and viscosity. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl. 2011;60:67–882.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Miroshnichenko IV, et al. MHD natural convection in a partially open trapezoidal cavity filled with a nanofluid. Int J Mech Sci. 2016;119:294–302.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Safari MH, et al. Effect of inside heated cylinder on the natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a wavy-wall enclosure. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;103:1053–7.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Abedini A, et al. MHD free convection heat transfer of a Water-Fe3O4 nanofluid in a baffled C-shaped enclosure. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;135(1):685–95.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Cho CC. Natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation in wavy-wall enclosure containing water-based nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2013;61(1):749–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Akter A, et al. Effect of magnetic field on natural convection flow in a prism shaped cavity filled with nanofluid. Procedia Eng. 2017;194:421–7.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Zhou L, et al. Natural convection in a cavity with time-varying thermal forcing on a sidewall. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2020;150:119234.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Wenxian Lin S, et al. Prandtl number scalings for unsteady natural convection boundary-layer flow on an evenly heated vertical plate in a homogeneous Pr > 1 fluid. Int J Comput Methodol. 2020;76(6):393–419.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Ashorynejad HR, Hoseinpour B. Investigation of different nanofluids effect on entropy generation on natural convection in a porous cavity. Eur J Mech B/Fluids. 2016;62:86–93.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Mahmoodi M. Numerical simulation of free convection of a nanofluid in L-shaped cavities. Int J Therm Sci. 2011;50:1731–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Ghasemi S, et al. Natural convection of water-CuO nanofluid in a cavity with two pairs of heat source-sink. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2011;38:672–8.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Hejazian M, et al. Natural convection in a rectangular enclosure containing an oval-shaped heat source and filled with Fe3O4/water nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2013;44:135–46.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Ganji M, et al. Entropy generation of nanofluid in presence of magnetic field using Lattice Boltzmann method. Phys A. 2015;417:273–86.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Esfe MH, et al. Natural convection in a trapezoidal enclosure filled with carbon nanotube–EG–water nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;92:76–82.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Armaghani T. Numerical investigation of water-alumina nanofluid natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation in a baffled L-shaped cavity. J Mol Liq. 2016;223:243–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Taher Armaghani A. MHD natural convection and entropy analysis of a nano fl uid inside T-shaped baffled enclosure. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 2018.

  104. Ghasemi S, et al. Natural convection cooling of a localised heat source at the bottom of a nanofluid-filled enclosure. Eur J Mech. 2009;28:630–40.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Kahveci K. Buoyancy driven heat transfer of nanofluids in a tilted enclosure. J Heat Transf. 2010;132:1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Violi K, et al. Natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a vertical cavity: effects of non-uniform particle diameter and temperature on thermal conductivity. Int J Heat Fluid Flow. 2010;31:236–45.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Jahanshahi M, et al. Numerical simulation of free convection based on experimental measured conductivity in a square cavity using Water/SiO2 nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2010;37:687–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Mahmoudi AH, et al. Numerical study of natural convection cooling of horizontal heat source mounted in a square cavity filled with nanofluid. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2010;37:1135–41.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ghasemi B, et al. Magnetic field effect on natural convection in a nanofluid-filled square enclosure. Int J Therm Sci. 2011;50:1748–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Lari K, et al. Combined heat transfer of radiation and natural convection in a square cavity containing participating gases. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2011;54:5087–99.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Alloui Z, et al. Natural convection of nanofluids in a shallow rectangular enclosure heated from the side. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2012;90:69–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Ashoori Y, et al. Analysis of a fluid behavior in a rectangular enclosure under the effect of magnetic field. World Acad Sci Eng Technol. 2012;6:209–13.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Abdollahzadeh M, et al. Free convection and entropy generation of nanofluid inside an enclosure with different patterns of vertical wavy walls. Int J Therm Sci. 2012;52:127–36.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Rahimi M, et al. Natural convection of nanoparticle-water mixture near its density inversion in a rectangular enclosure. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2012;39:131–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Ahmadi O, et al. Computer simulations of natural convection of single phase nanofluids in simple enclosures: a critical review. Appl Therm Eng. 2012;36:1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Kadri S, et al. A vertical magneto-convection in square cavity containing a AL 2O3 + water nanofluid: cooling of electronic compounds. Energy Proc. 2012;18:724–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Soleimani S, et al. Natural convection heat transfer in a nanofluid filled semi-annulus enclosure. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2012;39:565–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Rezvani R, et al. Numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a Γ shaped cavity. Superlattices Microstruct. 2012;52:312–25.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Rudolf P, et al. Heat transfer enhancement for natural convection flow of water-based nanofluids in a square enclosure. Int J Simul Model. 2012;11:29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Raji A, et al. Natural convection heat transfer enhancement in a square cavity periodically cooled from above. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl. 2013;63:511–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Ismael A, et al. Conjugate heat transfer in a porous cavity filled with nanofluids and heated by a triangular thick wall. Int J Therm Sci. 2013;67:135–51.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Garoosi F, et al. Numerical simulation of natural convection of nanofluids in a square cavity with several pairs of heaters and coolers (HACs) inside. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2013;67:362–76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sheikhzadeh GA, et al. Effects of nanoparticles transport mechanisms on Al2O3–water nanofluid natural convection in a square enclosure. Int J Therm Sci. 2013;66:51–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Kefayati G. Lattice boltzmann simulation of natural convection in partially heated cavities utilizing kerosene/cobalt ferrofluid. 2013;37:107–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Kefayati GR. Effect of a magnetic field on natural convection in an open cavity subjugated to water/alumina nanofluid using Lattice Boltzmann method. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2013;40:67–77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Kefayati GHR. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of MHD natural convection in a nanofluid-filled cavity with sinusoidal temperature distribution. Powder Technol. 2013;243:171–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Cheong HT, et al. Effect of aspect ratio on natural convection in an inclined rectangular enclosure with sinusoidal boundary condition. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2013;45:75–85.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Sivaraj S, et al. Coupled thermal radiation and natural convection heat transfer in a cavity with a heated plate inside. Int J Heat Fluid Flow. 2013;40:54–64.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Ho CJ, et al. Rayleigh-Bénard convection of Al2O3/water nanofluids in a cavity considering sedimentation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2014;57:22–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Cho CC. Heat transfer and entropy generation of natural convection in nanofluid-filled square cavity with partially-heated wavy surface. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2014;77:818–27.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Malvandi D, et al. Natural convection of nanofluids inside a vertical enclosure in presence of a uniform magnetic field. Powder Technol. 2014;263:50–7.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Hosseini M, et al. Nanofluid in tilted cavity with partially heated walls. J Mol Liq. 2014;199:545–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. El-Maghlany WM. Numerical simulations of the effect of an isotropic heat field on the entropy generation due to natural convection in a square cavity. Energy Convers Manag. 2014;85:333–42.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Hu Y, et al. Experimental and numerical study of natural convection in a square enclosure filled with nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2014;78:380–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Öztop HF, et al. A brief review of natural convection in enclosures under localized heating with and without nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer. 2015;60:37–44.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Mliki B, et al. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection in an L-shaped enclosure in the presence of nanofluid. Eng Sci Technol Int J. 2015;18:503–11.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Charrada M, et al. Natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure filled with an ethylene glycol—copper nanofluid under magnetic fields. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl. 2015;67:902–20.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Cianfrini C. Natural convection of water near 4 °C in a bottom-cooled enclosure. Energy Procedia. 2015;82:322–7.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Škerget J, et al. A numerical study of nanofluid natural convection in a cubic enclosure with a circular and an ellipsoidal cylinder. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2015;89:596–605.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Bakier M. Influence of thermal boundary conditions on MHD natural convection in square enclosure using Cu-water nanofluid. Energy Rep. 2015;1:134–44.

    Google Scholar 

  141. Abbassi M, et al. Natural convection in an inclined rectangular enclosure filled by CuO-H2O nanofluid, with sinusoidal temperature distribution. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2015;40:13676–84.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Jafari M, et al. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection heat transfer of SWCNT-nanofluid in an open enclosure. Ain Shams Eng J. 2015;6:913–27.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Seyyedi SM, et al. Natural convection heat transfer under constant heat flux wall in a nanofluid filled annulus enclosure. Ain Shams Eng J. 2015;6:267–80.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Mojumder S, et al. Effect of magnetic field on natural convection in a C-shaped cavity filled with ferrofluid. Proc Eng. 2015;105:96–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Groşan T, et al. Free convection heat transfer in a square cavity filled with a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2015;87:36–41.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Han X, et al. Buoyancy-driven convection heat transfer of copper–water nanofluid in a square enclosure under the different periodic oscillating boundary temperature waves. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2015;6:93–103.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Ismael MA, et al. Nanofluid-saturated porous media and heated by a triangular solid. J Taiwan Institute Chem Eng. 2015;59:138–51.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Alsabery AI, et al. Heatline visualization of conjugate natural convection in a square cavity filled with nanofluid with sinusoidal temperature variations on both horizontal walls. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;100:835–50.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Raizah A, et al. Double-diffusive natural convection in an enclosure filled with nanofluid using ISPH method. Alexandria Eng J. 2016;55:3037–52.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Hussain A, et al. Heatline visualization of natural convection heat transfer in an inclined wavy cavities filled with nanofluids and subjected to a discrete isoflux heating from its left sidewall. Aleandria Eng J. 2016;55:169–86.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Mamourian M, et al. Sensitivity analysis for MHD effects and inclination angles on natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation of Al2O3-water nanofluid in square cavity by response surface methodology. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2016;79:46–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Kolsi L, et al. Computational work on a three dimensional analysis of natural convection and entropy generation in nanofluid filled enclosures with triangular solid insert at the corners. J Mol Liq. 2016;218:260–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Makulati N, et al. Numerical study of natural convection of a water-alumina nanofluid in inclined C-shaped enclosures under the effect of magnetic field. Adv Powder Technol. 2016;27:661–72.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Srivastava S, et al. Interferometric study of natural convection in a differentially- heated cavity with Al2O3-water based dilute nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;92:1128–42.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Chen S, et al. Double diffusion natural convection in a square cavity filled with nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2016;95:1070–83.

    Google Scholar 

  156. Chamkha A, et al. Entropy generation and natural convection of CuO-water nanofluid in C-shaped cavity under magnetic field. Entropy. 2016;18:2.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Alsabery AI, et al. Transient natural convective heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity filled with non-Newtonian nanofluid with sinusoidal boundary conditions on both sidewalls. Powder Technol. 2017;308:214–34.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Chamkha AJ, et al. Phase-change heat transfer of single/hybrid nanoparticles-enhanced phase-change materials over a heated horizontal cylinder confined in a square cavity. Adv Powder Technol. 2017;28:385–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Malik Bouchoucha AE. Natural convection and entropy generation in a nanofluid filled cavity with thick bottom wall: effects of non-isothermal heating. Int J Mech Sci. 2017;126:95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Boutra A, et al. Lattice Boltzmann application for a viscoplastic fluid flow and heat transfer into cubic enclosures. Energy Procedia. 2017;139:173–9.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Al-Rashed A, et al. Second law analysis of natural convection in a CNT-water nanofluid filled inclined 3D cavity with incorporated Ahmed body. Int J Mech Sci. 2017;130:399–415.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Mustafa A. Natural convection in fully open parallelogrammic cavity filled with Cu–water nanofluid and heated locally from its bottom wall. Therm Sci Eng Prog. 2017;1:66–77.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Quintino A, et al. Natural convection from a pair of differentially-heated horizontal cylinders aligned side by side in a nanofluid-filled square enclosure. Energy Procedia. 2017;126:6–33.

    Google Scholar 

  164. Siavashi K. Lattice Boltzmann numerical simulation and entropy generation analysis of natural convection of nanofluid in a porous cavity with different linear temperature distributions on side walls. J Mol Liq. 2017;233:415–30.

    Google Scholar 

  165. Houat B, et al. Mesoscopic study of natural convection in a square cavity filled with alumina-based nanofluid. Energy Procedia. 2017;139:758–65.

    Google Scholar 

  166. Chowdhury R, et al. Numerical study of double-diffusive natural convection in a window shaped cavity containing multiple obstacles filled with nanofluid. Procedia Eng. 2017;194:471–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Bondareva NS, et al. Entropy generation due to natural convection of a nanofluid in a partially open triangular cavity. Adv Powder Technol. 2017;28:244–55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Selimefendigil F, et al. Fluid–structure-magnetic field interaction in a nanofluid filled lid-driven cavity with flexible side wall. Eur J Mech B/Fluids. 2017;61:77–85.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Milani Shirvan K, et al. Effects of wavy surface characteristics on natural convection heat transfer in a cosine corrugated square cavity filled with nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;107:1110–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Kanna K, et al. Natural convection on an open square cavity containing diagonally placed heaters and adiabatic square block and filled with hybrid nanofluid of nanodiamond - cobalt oxide/water. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf. 2017;81:64–71.

    Google Scholar 

  171. Kolsi L, et al. Control of natural convection via inclined plate of CNT-water nanofluid in an open sided cubical enclosure under magnetic field. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;111:1007–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Alouah M, et al. Lattice-Boltzmann modeling of natural convection in a cavity with a heated plate inside. Energy Procedia. 2017;139:140–6.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Benzema M. Rayleigh-Bénard MHD convection of Al2O3–water nanofluid in a square enclosure: magnetic field orientation effect. Energy Procedia. 2017;139:198–203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Salari M, et al. Natural convection in a rectangular enclosure filled by two immiscible fluids of air and Al2O3-water nanofluid heated partially from side walls. Alexandria Eng J. 2018;57:1401–12.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Ghalambaz M. Melting of nanoparticles-enhanced phase-change materials in an enclosure: effect of hybrid nanoparticles. Int J Mech Sci. 2017;134:85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Ghalambaz M, et al. MHD phase change heat transfer in an inclined enclosure: effect of a magnetic field and cavity inclination. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl. 2017;71:91–109.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Siavashi M, et al. Two-phase mixture numerical simulation of natural convection of nanofluid flow in a cavity partially filled with porous media to enhance heat transfer. J Mol Liq. 2017;238:553–69.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Ghadikolaei SS, et al. Analysis of unsteady MHD Eyring-Powell squeezing flow in stretching channel with considering thermal radiation and Joule heating effect using AGM. Stud Therm Eng. 2017;10:579–94.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Soltanipour S, et al. Natural convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid in an inclined cavity using Buongiorno’s two-phase model. Int J Therm Sci. 2017;111:310–20.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Tang W, et al. Natural convection heat transfer in a nanofluid-filled cavity with double sinusoidal wavy walls of various phase deviations. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2017;115:430–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Salari M, et al. 3D numerical analysis of natural convection and entropy generation within tilted rectangular enclosures filled with stratified fluids of MWCNTs/water nanofluid and air. J Taiwan Institute Chem Eng. 2017;80:624–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Rashad AM, et al. Entropy generation and MHD natural convection of a nanofluid in an inclined square porous cavity: effects of a heat sink and source size and location. Chin J Phys. 2018;56:193–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Sheremet M. Natural convection in an inclined cavity with time-periodic temperature boundary conditions using nanofluids: application in solar collectors. Int J Heat Mass Transf. 2018;116:751–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Guestal M, et al. Study of heat transfer by natural convection of nanofluids in a partially heated cylindrical enclosure. Stud Therm Eng. 2018;11:135–44.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Abbassi MA, et al. Effects of heater dimensions on nanofluid natural convection in a heated incinerator shaped cavity containing a heated block. J Therm Eng. 2018;4:3.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Alsabery I, et al. Conjugate heat transfer of Al2O3–water nanofluid in a square cavity heated by a triangular thick wall using Buongiorno’s two-phase model. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;135(1):161–76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Ghalambaz M, et al. Local thermal non-equilibrium analysis of conjugate free convection within a porous enclosure occupied with Ag–MgO hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;135:1381–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Mehryan SAM, et al. Conjugate natural convection of nanofluids inside an enclosure filled by three layers of solid, porous medium and free nanofluid using Buongiorno’s and local thermal non-equilibrium models. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2019;135:1047–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Rahimi A, et al. Lattice Boltzmann numerical method for natural convection and entropy generation in cavity with refrigerant rigid body filled with DWCNTs-water nanofluid-experimental thermo-physical properties. Therm Sci Eng Prog. 2018;5:372–87.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Hoghoughi G, et al. Effect of geometrical parameters on natural convection in a porous undulant-wall enclosure saturated by a nanofluid using Buongiorno’s model. J Mol Liq. 2018;255:148–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Al-Kouz WG, et al. Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement for low-pressure flows in a square cavity with two fins attached to the hot wall using Al2O3-air nanofluid. Strojniški vestnik-J Mech Eng. 2018;64:26–36.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Alsabery AI, et al. MHD convective heat transfer in a discretely heated square cavity with conductive inner block using two-phase nanofluid model. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Dogonchi AS, et al. Natural convection analysis in a cavity with an inclined elliptical heater subject to shape factor of nanoparticles and magnetic field. Arab J Sci Eng. 2019;44:7919–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mohamad Sadegh Sadeghi

  2. Department of Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahdishahr, Iran

    Naghmeh Anadalibkhah & Taher Armaghani

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Ramin Ghasemiasl

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran

    Abdul Sattar Dogonchi

  5. Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Endowment for Nanoscience and Technology, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia

    Ali J. Chamkha

  6. Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Hafiz Ali

  7. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Amin Asadi

  8. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Amin Asadi

Authors
  1. Mohamad Sadegh Sadeghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Naghmeh Anadalibkhah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ramin Ghasemiasl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Taher Armaghani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abdul Sattar Dogonchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ali J. Chamkha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hafiz Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Amin Asadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amin Asadi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 2951 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sadeghi, M.S., Anadalibkhah, N., Ghasemiasl, R. et al. On the natural convection of nanofluids in diverse shapes of enclosures: an exhaustive review. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 1–22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10222-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10222-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation