Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation and characterization of a water resistance flame retardant and its enhancement on charring–forming for polycarbonate

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hexakis(4-nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene (HNTP) was synthesized and was added into polycarbonate (PC) functioned as intumescent flame retardant and charring agent. The chemical structure of HNTP was confirmed by hydrogen and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 31P-NMR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Flame retardancy and charring–forming behaviors of HNTP- and PC-based composites were extensively investigated with the limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning test, microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and thermogravimetric analysis. The water resistance of PC-based composites was studied by stationary water contact angle measurements. Furthermore, TG/FTIR was used to research their gaseous products and their releasing intensity during the decomposition. The morphology and chemical structure of residual char were used to study scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of samples were compared by tensile and impact tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Scheme 1
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhang F, Li Q, Liu Y, et al. Improved thermal conductivity of polycarbonate composites filled with hybrid exfoliated graphite/multi-walled carbon nanotube fillers. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123(1):431–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gaur MS, Rathore BS. Structural and thermal properties of swift heavy ion beam irradiated polycarbonate/zinc oxide nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;119(2):1105–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Yang Y, Liu J, Cai X. Antagonistic flame retardancy between hexakis(4-nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene and potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate in the PC system. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126(2):571–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yang Y, Kong W, Wang Y, et al. Synthesis of tris(phenoxy)trifluorocyclotriphosphazenes and study of its effects on the flammable, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2015;122(2):805–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang W, Li X, Guo X, et al. Mechanical and thermal properties and flame retardancy of phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DOPO-POSS)/polycarbonate composites. Polym Degrad Stab. 2010;95(12):2541–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Alongi J, Han Z, Bourbigot S. Intumescence: tradition versus novelty. A comprehensive review[J]. Prog Polym Sci. 2015;51:28–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yang Y, Kong W, Cai X. Two phosphorous-containing flame retardant form a novel intumescent flame-retardant system with polycarbonate. Polym Degrad Stab. 2016;134:136–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhou L, Zhang G, Li J, et al. Synthesis and characterization of polyphenylaminophosphazene and fluorinated polyarylaminophosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2015;132(37).

  9. Akbaş H, Okumuş A, Karadağ A, et al. Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;123(2):1627–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Liang W, Zhao B, Zhao P, et al. Bisphenol-S bridged penta(anilino)cyclotriphosphazene and its application in epoxy resins: synthesis, thermal degradation, and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab. 2017;135:140–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhao B, Liang W, Wang J, et al. Synthesis of a novel bridged-cyclotriphosphazene flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab. 2016;133:162–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. The study of char forming on OPS/PC and DOPO-POSS/PC composites.

  13. Zhang X, Zhang L, Wu Q, et al. The influence of synergistic effects of hexakis(4-nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene and POE-g-MA on anti-dripping and flame retardancy of PET. J Ind Eng Chem. 2013;19(3):993–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang S, Horrocks AR. A review of flame retardant polypropylene fibres. Prog Polym Sci. 2003;28(11):1517–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang X, Zhong Y, Mao Z. The flame retardancy and thermal stability properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate)/hexakis(4-nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene systems. Polym Degrad Stab. 2012;97(8):1504–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu Y, Huang K, Peng D, et al. Synthesis, characterization and hydrolysis of an aliphatic polycarbonate by terpolymerization of carbon dioxide, propylene oxide and maleic anhydride. Polymer. 2006;47(26):8453–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pawlowski KH, Schartel B, Fichera MA, Jager C. Flame retardancy mechanisms of bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in combination with zinc borate in bisphenol A polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends. Thermochim Acta. 2010;498:92–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lee LH. Mechanisms of thermal degradation of phenolic condensation polymers. I. Studies on the thermal stability of polycarbonate. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem. 1964;2(6):2859–73.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wawrzyn E, Schartel B, Seefeldt H, et al. What reacts with what in bisphenol A polycarbonate/silicon rubber/bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) during pyrolysis and fire behavior? Ind Eng Chem Res. 2012;51(3):1244–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Levchik SV, Camino G, Luda MP, et al. Thermal decomposition of cyclotriphosphazenes. I. Alkyl-aminoaryl ethers. J Appl Polym Sci. 1998;67(3):461–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the generous supports by the following: the Experiment Center of Polymer Science and Engineering Academy, Sichuan University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Science and Materials, The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China

    Yunyun Yang, Hang Luo, Xilei Cao, Weibo Kong & Xufu Cai

Authors
  1. Yunyun Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hang Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xilei Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weibo Kong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xufu Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xufu Cai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, Y., Luo, H., Cao, X. et al. Preparation and characterization of a water resistance flame retardant and its enhancement on charring–forming for polycarbonate. J Therm Anal Calorim 129, 809–820 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6251-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6251-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation