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Investigation on the thermal behavior of β-blockers antihypertensives atenolol and nadolol using TG/DTG, DTA, DSC, and TG–FTIR

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Abstract

Thermal behavior of β-blocker antihypertensives nadolol and atenolol was investigated using TG/DTG, DTA, and DSC, under dynamic nitrogen and air atmosphere. Nadolol decomposed in a single mass loss step between 196 and 353 °C, after melting at 128.0 °C. In air, an additional event related to the burning of carbonaceous material was observed. Under nitrogen atenolol decomposed also in a single step from 191.8 to 900 °C. However the DTG revealed that this decomposition splits in two successive events resulting in a residue of 17.2 % at the end of the run, with a melting peak at 153.1 °C. In air, an additional step referent to the burning of carbonaceous residue can be seen. Although both presented melting events, only atenolol crystallized on cooling. Evolved gas analysis by TG–FTIR revealed that nadolol decomposes via terc-butylamine releasing, while atenolol loses ammonia in a nonpreviously reported dimerization reaction after melting with a consecutive isopropylamine releasing. A tentative thermal behavior mechanism is presented for both cases.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the Brazilian Foundations Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq) e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), and Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia de Biorecursos (CiTecBio/NAP’s-PRP/USP) for Research Grant.

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  1. Pedro Henrique O. Amorim

    Present address: Faculdade Cencista de Rio das Ostras, Rua Renascer da Terceira Idade s/n, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, USP, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 780, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil

    Pedro Henrique O. Amorim, Ana Paula Garcia Ferreira, Luis Carlos M. Machado, Priscila Cervini & Éder Tadeu Gomes Cavalheiro

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  1. Pedro Henrique O. Amorim
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  2. Ana Paula Garcia Ferreira
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Correspondence to Ana Paula Garcia Ferreira.

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Amorim, P.H.O., Ferreira, A.P.G., Machado, L.C.M. et al. Investigation on the thermal behavior of β-blockers antihypertensives atenolol and nadolol using TG/DTG, DTA, DSC, and TG–FTIR. J Therm Anal Calorim 120, 1035–1042 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4357-3

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