Skip to main content
Log in

Growth, optical, mechanical and thermal studies of diglycine cadmium chloride single crystal

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transparent single crystals of diglycine cadmium chloride were grown by slow evaporation solution technique. To confirm the crystal structure, the grown crystals were subjected to single crystal as well as powder X-ray diffraction measurements and the structure was found to be monoclinic. The elemental analysis was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystalline perfection of the grown crystal was assessed by high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and found that the crystal quality is fairly good. The optical study reveals that the grown crystal is highly transparent in the region 250–900 nm. Thermal studies reveal that the grown crystal is stable up to 245 °C. The michrohardness analysis revealed that the grown crystal belongs to soft material category. The high dielectric constant (>30) and low loss (<0.01) value also confirms that the grown crystal is a good candidate for device fabrications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mary Navis Priya S, Varghese B, Mary Linet J, Bhagavannarayana G, Justin Raj C, Krishnan S, Dinakaran S, Jerome Das S. Synthesis, growth, and characterization of novel nonlinear optical active dichloridodiglycine zinc dihydrate single crystals. Cryst Growth Des. 2008;8:1663–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Riscob B, Shakir Mohd, Kalyana Sundar J, Natarajan S, Wahab MA, Bhagavannarayana G. Synthesis, growth, crystal structure and characterization of a new organic material: glycine glutaric acid. Spectro Chim Acta Part A. 2011;78:543–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Narayan Bhat M, Dharmaprakash SM. New nonlinear optical material: glycine sodium nitrate. J Cryst Growth. 2002;235:511–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Baran J, Drozd M, Ratajczak H, Pietraszko A. Bis(glycine) lithium nitrate—a new non-centrosymmetric crystal: X-ray structure, vibrational spectra and DSC investigations. J Mol Struct. 2009;927:43–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gupte SS, Pradhan RD, Mareano OA, Melikechi N, Desai CF. Laser damage studies in zinc (tris) thiourea sulfate: nonlinear optical crystal. J Appl Phys. 2002;91:3125–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jiang M, Fang Q. Organic and semiorganic nonlinear optical materials. Adv Mater. 1999;11:1147–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Thulasidhass R, Mohanarao JK. The crystal structure of bis glycine cadmium chloride. Curr Sci. 1980;49:349.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Liu J, Wu Y, Hu S, Lan G, Zheng J. Vibrational spectroscopic study of (NH2CH2COOH)2CdCl2 crystal. J Mol Struct. 1998;446:109–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sawant SY, Verenkar VMS, Mojumdar SC. Preparation, thermal, XRD, chemical and FT-IR spectral analysis of NiMn2O4 nanoparticles and respective precursor. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;90:669–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Varshney KG, Agrawal A, Mojumdar SC. Pyridine based thorium(IV) phosphate hybrid fibrous ion exchanger: synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;90:721–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Madhurambal G, Ramasamy P, Anbusrinivasan P, Mojumdar SC. Thermal properties, induction period, interfacial energy and nucleation parameters of solution grown benzophenone. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;90:673–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Meenakshisundarm SP, Parthiban S, Madhurambal G, Mojumdar SC. Effect of chelating agent (1,10-phenanthroline) on potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;94:21–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Skorsepa JS, Gyoryova K, Melnik M. Preparation, identification and thermal properties of (CH3CH2COO)2Zn.2L.H2O (L = thiourea, nicotinamide, caffeine or theorbromine). J Therm Anal Calorim. 1995;44:169–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Czakis-Sulikowska D, Czylkowska A. Complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with 4,40-bipyridine and dichloroacetates. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2003;71:395–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Madhurambal G, Ramasamy P, Anbusrinivasan P, Vasudevan G, Kavitha S, Mojumdar SC. Growth and characterization studies of 2-bromo-40-chloro-acetophenone (BCAP) crystals. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;94:59–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mojumdar SC. Thermoanalytical and IR-spectral investigation of Mg(II) complexes with heterocyclic ligands. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2001;64:629–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Madhurambal G, Mojumdar SC, Hariharan S, Ramasamy P. TG, DTC, FT-IR and Raman spectral analysis of Zna/Mgb ammonium sulfate mixed crystals. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2004;78:125–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mojumdar SC, Miklovic J, Krutosikova A, Valigura D, Stewart JM. Furopyridines and furopyridine-Ni(II) complexes-synthesis, thermal and spectral characterization. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2005;81:211–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rathore HS, Varshney G, Mojumdar SC, Saleh MT. Synthesis, characterization and fungicidal activity of zinc diethyldithiocarbamate and phosphate. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2007;90:681–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Anbusrinivasan P, Madhurambal G, Mojumdar SC. p-N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DAB) grown by solution technique using CCl4 as growth medium. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;96:111–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Meenakshisundram S, Parthiban S, Bhagavannarayana G, Madhurambal G, Mojumdar SC. Influence of organic solvent on tristhioureazinc(II)sulphate crystals. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;96:125–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Vasudevan G, Anbusrinivasan P, Madhurambal G, Mojumdar SC. Thermal analysis, effect of dopants, spectral characterization and growth aspects of KAP crystals. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;96:99–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lal K, Bhagavannarayana G. A high-resolution diffuse X-ray scattering study of defects in dislocation-free silicon crystals grown by the float-zone method and comparison with Czochralski-grown crystals. J Appl Cryst. 1989;22:209–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sheldrick GM. A short history of SHELX. Acta Crystallogr A. 2008;64:112–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bhagavannarayana G, Ananthamurthy RV, Budakoti GC, Kumar B, Bartwal KS. A study of the effect of annealing on Fe-doped LiNbO3 by HRXRD, XRT and FT-IR. J Appl Cryst. 2005;38:768–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Krishnakumar V, Nagalakshmi R. Polarised Raman and infrared spectral analysis of l-alanine oxalate (C5H9NO6)—a non-linear optical single crystal. Spectro Chim Acta Part A. 2006;64:736–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Esthaku Peter M, Ramasamy P. Synthesis, growth and characterization of a novel semiorganic NLO crystal: triglycine calcium dibromide. J Cryst Growth. 2010;312:1952–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bhagavannarayana G, Rajesh P, Ramasamy P. Interesting growth features in potassium dihydrogen phosphate: unravelling the origin and dynamics of point defects in single crystals. J Appl Cryst. 2010;43:1372–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ambujam K, Rajarajan K, Selvakumar S, Vetha Potheher I, Joseph GP, Sagayaraj P. Growth and characterization of a novel NLO crystal bis-glycine hydrogen chloride (BGHC). J Cryst Growth. 2006;286:440–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Shakir M, Ganesh V, Wahab MA, Bhagavannarayana G, Kishan Rao K. Structural, optical and mechanical studies on pure and Mn2+doped l-asparagine monohydrate single crystals. Mater Sci Eng B. 2010;76:470–5.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Esthaku Peter M, Ramasamy P. Growth, thermal, dielectric and mechanical studies of triglycine zinc chloride, a semiorganic nonlinear optical material. Mater Lett. 2010;64:1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Dhanaraj PV, Rajesh NP. Studies on the growth and characterization of tris (glycine) calcium(ΙΙ) dichloride—a nonlinear optical crystal. Physica B. 2011;406:12–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gupta V, Bamzai KK, Kotru PN, Wanklyn BM. Mechanical characteristics of flux-grown calcium titanate and nickel titanate crystals. Mater Chem Phys. 2005;89:64–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jain A, Razdan AK, Kortu PN, Wankyln BM. Load and directional effects on microhardness and estimation of toughness and brittleness for flux-grown LaBO3 crystals. J Mater Sci. 1994;29:3847–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mythili P, Kanagasekaran T, Gopala Krishnan R. Investigations on nucleation kinetics, growth and characterization of sulphanilic acid single crystals. Cryst Res Technol. 2007;42:791–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Townsend D, Field JE. Fracture toughness and hardness of zinc sulphide as a function of grain size. J Mater Sci. 1990;25:1347–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chaoon JP, Broughton WH, Katzuk AR. Determination of yield strength from hardness measurements. Metall Trans. 1971;2:1979–84.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Xue D, Kitamura K. Dielectric characterization of the defect concentration in lithium niobate single crystals. Solid State Commun. 2002;122:537–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Batra AK, Carmichale-Owens CR, Simmons M, Aggarwal MD, Lal RB. Design of a solution crystal growth crystallizer with a versatile electronic reciprocal motion control for a crystals holder. Cryst Res Technol. 2005;40:757–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hill NE, Vaughan WE, Price AH, Davies M. Dielectric properties and molecular behavior. London: Van. Nostrand Reinhold; 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Shakir M, Riscob B, Maurya KK, Ganesh V, Wahab MA, Bhagavannarayana G. Unidirectional growth of l-asparagine monohydrate single crystal: First time observation of NLO nature and other studies of crystalline perfection, optical, mechanical and dielectric properties. J Cryst Growth. 2010;312:3171–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Senthil Pandian M, Ramasamy P. Unidirectional growth of 〈0 0 1〉 tetra glycine barium chloride (TGBC) single crystal by Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy method. J Cryst Growth. 2009;311:944–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Przesiawski J, Lglesias T, Gonzalo JA. Dielectric losses behaviour under frequency and a.c. field amplitude variation in TGSe crystals. Solid State Commun. 1995;96:195–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Prof. R.C. Budhani, Director, National Physical Laboratory for his constant encouragement, Prof. S. Natarajan, School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu for extending single crystal XRD facility and Dr. S.K. Dhawan for extending TG/DTA facility. Riscob acknowledges UGC for his research fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Bhagavannarayana.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Riscob, B., Shakir, M., Ganesh, V. et al. Growth, optical, mechanical and thermal studies of diglycine cadmium chloride single crystal. J Therm Anal Calorim 110, 1225–1232 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-2110-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-2110-8

Keywords

Navigation