Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic materials exhibit so versatile properties that they can be considered one of the most interesting classes of materials for photonic applications, for the development of both passive and active devices. A synthetic route used for the preparation of nanostructured organic/inorganic (O/I) materials is the assembling of nano-building blocks (NBBs). This approach allows controlling the extent of phase interaction, which in its turn governs the structure-properties relationships. The non-hydrolytic sol–gel process is recognized as a useful route for the preparation of nanostructured molecular units. The condensation reaction of methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane and diphenylsilanediol in a non-hydrolytic sol–gel process has been exploited in order to synthesize nanostructured molecular units for the preparation of hybrid organic/inorganic coatings. The non-hydrolytic condensation reactions were run adding different compounds such as triethylamine, titanium isopropoxide, titanium chloride, and dibutyldilauryltin as condensation promoters. The NBB synthesis was also run under controlled hydrolitic conditions, by exploiting the in situ water production using an ethanol/acetic acid mixture. These reactions have been compared in terms of the influence of the employed reagents on the condensation degree and the product structure. Multinuclear NMR, ATR-FTIR and FT-Raman techniques have been used to study the reaction steps and characterize the final condensation products. Hybrid O/I materials have been prepared by assembling methacrylate-based NBBs in the presence of suitable thermal and photo-initiators. The study on the progress of the thermal polymerization process using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) will be presented, as well as the preliminary results on the two photon polymerization (TPP) process for the preparation of patternable films.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sanchez C, De Soler-Illia AAGJ, Ribot F, Grosso D (2003) C.R. Chimie 6:1131
Houbertz R, Frohlich L, Poall M, Streppel U, Dannberg P, Brauer A, Serbin J, Chichkov BN (2003) Adv Eng Mater 5:551
Ribeiro SJL, Messaddeq Y, Goncalves RR, Ferrari M, Montagna M, Aegerter MA (2000) Appl Phys Lett 32:67
Arkles B, MRS Bulletin, May 2001, 402–407
Buestrich R, Kahlenberg F, Popall M, Dannberg P, Müller-Fiedler R, Rösch D (2001) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 20:181
Schubert U (2004) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 31:19
Innocenzi P, Lebeau B (2005) J Mater Chem 15:3821
Dirè S, Egger P, Di Vona ML, Trombetta M, Licoccia S (2004) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 35:57
Di Vona ML, Trombetta M, Dirè S, Egger P, D’Ottavi C, Licoccia S (2005) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 35:151
Nam K-H, Lee T-H, Bae B-S, Popall M (2006) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 39:255
Bae B-S (2004) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 31:309
Houbertz R, Schulz J, Frönlich L, Domann G, Popall M (2003) Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 769:H7.4.1
Furniss BS, Hannaford AJ, Smith PWG, Tatchell AR (1989) Texbook of practical organic chemistry Vogel’s, V edn. Longman Scientific & Technical
Fortunati I, Dainese T, Signorini R, Bozio R, Tagliazucca V, Dirè S, Lemercier G, Mulatier J-C, Andraud C, Schiavuta P, Bottazzo Y, Della Giustina G,Brusatin G, Guglielmi M (2007) Proc of SPIE 6645:664520
Martineau C, Lemercier G, Andraud C, Wang I, Bouriau M, Baldeck M (2003) Synth Met 138:353
Martin ML, Delpuech JJ, Martin GJ in Practical NMR Spectroscopy Heyden & Son Ltd. London 1980
Devreux F, Boilot JP, Chaput F (1990) Phys Rev A 12:6901
Mayer BX, Zollner P, Kahlig H (1999) J Chromatogr A 848:251
Mayer BX, Zöllner P, Rauter W, Kählig H (2001) J Chromatogr A 917:219
Brown F, Vogt LH (1965) J Am Chem Soc 87:4313
Sellinger A, Laine RM (1996) Chem Mater 8:1592
Sellinger A, Laine RM (1996) Macromolecules 29:2327
Sassi Z, Bureau JC, Bakkali A (2002) Vib Spectrosc 28:251
Doux C, Aw KC, Niewoudt M, Gao W (2006) Microelectron Eng 83:387
Eo Y-J, Lee TH, Kang JK, Han YS, Bae B-S (2005) J Polym Sci B 43:827
Panitz J-C, Wokaun A (1997) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 9:251
Gigant K, Posset U, Schottner G, Baia L, Kiefer W, Popp J (2003) J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 26:369
Gnyba M, Keranen M, Kozanecki M, Bogdanowicz R, Kosmowski BB, Wroczynski P (2002) Opto-Electron Rev 10:137
Klein LC (1985) Annu Rev Mater Sci 15:227
Acknowledgements
Dr. Jocelyne Galy (LMM-IMP-INSA) Lyon is gratefully acknowledged for the GPC measurements. MIUR is acknowledged for the financial support (PRIN 2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dirè, S., Tagliazucca, V., Brusatin, G. et al. Hybrid organic/inorganic materials for photonic applications via assembling of nanostructured molecular units. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 48, 217–223 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1752-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1752-x