Abstract
99Tc is one of the long lived fission product with high fission yield. From radioactive waste management point of view it is very much essential to evaluate the concentration of technetium in the radioactive liquid waste in order to finalise the treatment process to extract/isolate it from the stream which is discharged to the environment. For the estimation of 99Tc in the radioactive liquid waste stream, extraction of the stable complex of technetium-tetraphenyl arsonium chloride (TPAC) into chloroform followed by beta counting was studied. Various parameters like pH, time of equilibration, concentration of TPAC in chloroform, use of other solvent for extraction as well as interference of various other radionuclides present in the waste were also studied. The radioactive liquid waste being handled in plant contains high concentrations of salts in the form of sodium nitrate. Hence effect of salt concentration on the percentage extraction was also evaluated. The extraction behavior does not dependent on change in the pH of the solution. Almost 99.5% extraction was observed in the pH range of 1–13.0. High concentration of salt is affecting the extraction. However, this can be taken care by diluting the radioactive waste. It takes almost 90 min time for maximum extraction. Presence of radionuclides like 137Cs, 90Sr are not interfering the extraction of 99Tc. However, 106Ru is getting slightly extracted along with 99Tc. The error due to 106Ru can be eliminated by taking gamma spectrum and deducting the activity from the total beta activity to get 99Tc activity. Nitrobenzene can be used for extraction of Tc–TPAC complex in place of chloroform.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10967-011-1583-z/MediaObjects/10967_2011_1583_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10967-011-1583-z/MediaObjects/10967_2011_1583_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10967-011-1583-z/MediaObjects/10967_2011_1583_Fig3_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rider (1981) NEDO/12158/3
Friedlander G, Kennedy JW, Macias ES, Miller JM (1981) Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry, 3rd edn. John Wiley, New York, p 684
Dileep CS, Jagasia P, Dhami PS, Achutan PV, Murthy AD, Tomar BS, Munshi SK, Dey PK (2008) Desalination 232:157–165
Ramanujam A, Dhami PS, Gopalakrishnan V, Dudwadkar NL (1999) Sep Sci Technol 34:1717–1728
Ansari SA, Pathak PN, Manchanda VK et al (2009) SESTEC–2004, pp 166–167
International Atomic Energy Agency (1985) Technical reports series no. 257, IAEA, Vienna
Yeotikar RG, Sonavane MS, Shah JG, Raj Kanwar (1993) National symposium on management of radioactive and toxic waste (SMART-93) Kalpakkam, pp 257–260
Yeotikar RG, Kaushik CP, Johnson G, Kanwar R (1995) Treatment of alkaline intermediate level radioactive waste. NUCAR 95–IGCAR, Kalpakkam Feb 21–24, pp 429–430
Kulkarni Y, Samanta SK, Bakre SY, Raj K, Kumra MS (1996) Waste Management. Proc. Int. Symp. Tucson, Arizona
Kore SG, Sonar NL, Joseph A, Yadav VK, Valsala TP, Sonavane MS, Kulkarni Y, Kanwar Raj (2008) SESTEC–2008 March 12–14, pp 87–94
Kolthoff IM, Elving PJ (1964) Part–II, vol 6, pp 430–431
Annual report, Cyric (1980) Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Sendai
Annual report, Cyric (1981) Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai
Annual report, Cyric (1982) Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai
Omori T, Muraoka Y, Suganuma H (1994) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 178(2):237–243
Omori T, Asahina K, Suganuma H (1995) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 191(1):99–104
Harvey BR, Williams KJ, Lovett MB, Ibbett RD (1992) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 158(2):417–436
Hall R, Patton BD, Haas PA (1985) CONF–851115.33/DE 86–002453
Etherington H (1958) Radiation and radiological protection. 1st edn, Chapter 5 pp section 5.33
Fok JS, Hugus ZZ, Sandell EB (1969) Anal Chim Acta 48:243–249
Skoog DA, West DM, Holler FJ, Crouch SR (2004) 8th edn, chapter 6.0, Thomson Brooks Cole, Belmont
Acknowledgment
Authors are thankful to Shri R.D. Changrani for his keen interest and guidance for the work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sonar, N.L., De, V., Pardeshi, V. et al. Analysis of 99Tc in the radioactive liquid waste after extraction into suitable solvent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 294, 185–189 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1583-z
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1583-z