Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Improvement of the properties of natural rubber/ground tire rubber composites through biological desulfurization of GTR

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The surface desulfurization of ground tire rubber (GTR) had been carried out via a biological treatment by Thiobacillus sp. with strong sulfur oxidizing capacity. The bonding states and element content on the surface of GTR and desulfurated GTR (DGTR) were evaluated using an X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The contact angle of GTR was 120.5° and decreased down to 93.5° after treatment. The cure characteristics, swelling behavior, and crosslink density of natural rubber (NR)/GTR and NR/DGTR were examined. The improvement in mechanical properties was observed for NR/DGTR vulcanizates, which was attributed to the enhanced interfacial interaction between DGTR and NR matrix. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed that NR/DGTR vulcanizates had a reduction of molecular chain friction resistance during glass transition region and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies further indicated a good coherency and homogeneity between DGTR and NR matrix.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig.6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig.9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adhikari B, De D, Maiti S (2000) Reclamation and recycling of waste rubber. Prog Polym Sci 25:909–948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Fukumori K, Matsushita M, Mouri M (2006) Dynamic devulcanization and dynamic vulcanization for recycling of crosslinked rubber. Kaut Gummi Kunst 59:405–411

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Vega B, Montero L, Lincoln S (2008) Control of vulcanizing/devulcanizing behavior of diphenyl disulfide with microwaves as the heating source. J Appl Polym Sci 108:1969–1975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hassan MM, Mahmoud GA, El-Nahas HH (2007) Reinforced material from reclaimed rubber/natural rubber, using electron beam and thermal treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 104:2569–2578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Debapriya D, De D, Singharoy GM (2007) Reclaiming of ground rubber tire by a novel reclaiming agent. I. Virgin natural rubber/reclaimed GRT vulcanizates. Polym Eng Sci 47:1091–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rajan VV, Dierkes WK, Joseph R (2007) Effect of diphenyldisulfides with different substituents on the reclamation of NR based latex products. J Appl Polym Sci 104:3562–3580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang XX, Lu CH, Liang M (2009) Properties of natural rubber vulcanizates containing mechanochemically devulcanized ground tire rubber. J Polym Res 16:411–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Du ML, Guo BC, Jia DM (2005) Effects of thermal and UV-induced grafting of bismaleimide on mechanical performance of reclaimed rubber/natural rubber blends. J Polym Res 12:473–482

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhu J, Zhang XX, Liang M, Lu CH (2011) Enhancement of processability and foamability of ground tire rubber powder and LDPE blends through solid state shear milling. J Polym Res 18:533–539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Balasubramanian M (2009) Cure modeling and mechanical properties of counter rotating twin screw extruder devulcanized ground rubber tire-natural rubber blends. J Polym Res 16:133–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bredberg K, Persson J, Christiansson M, Stenberg B, Holst O (2001) Anaerobic desulfurization of ground rubber with the thermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus-a new method for rubber recycling. Appl Microbiol Biot 55:43–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kanagawa T, Mikami E (1989) Removal of methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide from contaminated air by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:555–558

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Romine RA, Romine MF (1998) Rubbercycle: a bioprocess for surface modification of waste tyre rubber. Polym Degrad Stab 59:353–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sato S, Honda Y, Kuwahara M, Kishimoto H, Yagi N, Muraoka K, Watanabe T (2004) Microbial scission of sulfide linkages in vulcanized natural rubber by a white rot basidiomycete, ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Biomacromolecules 5:511–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Torma AE, Raghavan D (1990) Biodesulfurization of rubber materials. ‘American Society of Mechanical Engineers’ winter annual meeting, Dallas, pp 81–87

    Google Scholar 

  16. Christiansson M, Stenberg B, Wallenberg LR, Holst O (1998) Reduction of surface sulphur upon microbial devulcanization of rubber materials. Biotechnology letters 20:637–642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Flory PJ, Rehner JJR (1943) Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks II. Swelling. J Chem Phys 11:521–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mathew G, Singh RP, Lakshminarayanan R, Thomas S (1996) Use of natural rubber prophylactics waste as a potential filler in styrene-butadiene rubber compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 61:2035–2050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Moulder JF, Stickle WF, Sobol PE, Bomben KD (1992) Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Perkin Elmer Corporation, Minnesota

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ismail H, Nordin R, Noor AM (2002) Cure characteristics, tensile properties and swelling behaviour of recycled rubber powder-filled natural rubber compounds. Polym Test 21:565–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Phadke AA, Bhowmick AK, De SK (1986) Effect of cryoground rubber on properties of NR. J Appl Polym Sci 32:4063–4074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The project was supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2006AA06Z367), National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 50673009), and Nature Science Foundation of Beijing (No. 8122032).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yuanhu Li & Suhe Zhao

  2. College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yaqin Wang

Authors
  1. Yuanhu Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suhe Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yaqin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suhe Zhao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Li, Y., Zhao, S. & Wang, Y. Improvement of the properties of natural rubber/ground tire rubber composites through biological desulfurization of GTR. J Polym Res 19, 9864 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-012-9864-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-012-9864-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation