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Kinetics and thermodynamics of water adsorption onto rice husks ash filled polypropene composites during soaking

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Abstract

The kinetics and thermodynamics of water adsorption onto rice husks ash filled polypropene composites during soaking were studied at different temperatures, quantities and nature of fillers. Raw rice husk, “white” and “black” rice husks ash and Aerosil were used as fillers of polypropene. The increase of fillers contents in the polymer matrix was found to result in non-linear increase of the amount of adsorbed water. The highest adsorption capacity showed the samples filled with raw rice husks, while the lowest—those filled with black rice husks ash. The adsorption kinetics was limited by intra-particle diffusion in plane sheet particles. The values of the diffusion coefficients D, diffusion constants D o, activation energy of the diffusion process Е а, changes of free energy ΔG ≠, enthalpy ΔH ≠ and entropy ΔS ≠ for the formation of the activated complex from the reagent were calculated. A compensation effect between D o and Е а was observed. Based on the Van’t Hoff equation, the values of the changes of standard free energy ΔG o, enthalpy ΔH o and entropy ΔS o of water adsorption were calculated. The sorption process is exothermal in nature and accompanied with decrease of the entropy. The values of the sorption coefficient S and permeability coefficient P were calculated at 25 and 90 °C.

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Abbreviations

PP:

Polypropene

RRH:

Raw rice husks

WRHA:

White rice husks ash

BRHA:

Black rice husks ash

AR:

Aerosil A200, Degussa

B 1 :

The slope of the plot \(F = {\text{f}}\left( {\sqrt t } \right)\)

B 2 :

The slope of the plot −ln(1 − F) = f(t)

C :

The concentration of fillers (mass.%)

D :

The diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

D o :

The diffusion constant (m2 s−1)

D iso :

The iso-kinetics diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

E a :

The activation energy of the sorption process (kJ mol−1)

F :

The fraction of sorbed water for period of times t (dimensionless)

K e :

The equilibrium constant

L :

The thickness of the slab (cm)

Q t :

The water uptake at time t (g)

\(Q_\infty \) :

The water uptake at equilibrium (g)

P :

The permeability coefficient (m2 s−1)

R :

The universal gas constant (8.314 J mol−1K−1)

S :

The sorption coefficient (g g−1)

T :

The absolute temperature (K)

T iso :

The iso-kinetics temperature (K)

W o :

The initial weight of the dry sample (g)

W e :

The weight of the wet sample at equilibrium at a given temperature (g)

K e :

The equilibrium constant

ΔG o :

The change of standard free energy of absorption (kJ mol−1)

ΔH o :

The change of standard enthalpy of absorption (kJ mol−1)

ΔS o :

The change of standard entropy of absorption (J mol−1K−1)

ΔG ≠ :

The change of free energy for the formation of the activated complex from the reagent (kJ mol−1)

ΔH ≠ :

The change of enthalpy for the formation of the activated complex from the reagent (kJ mol−1)

ΔS ≠ :

The change of entropy for the formation of the activated complex from the reagent (J mol−1K−1)

d :

The average molecular jump distance assuming equal to 5 × 10−10 m

e :

The Neper number, equal to 2.7183

h :

The Planck’s constant (6.626 × 10−34 J s)

k B :

The Boltzmann constant (1.38 × 10−23 J mol−1K−1)

m e :

The mass of the water taken up at equilibrium (g)

r :

The radius of cylinder or fiber (cm)

r o :

The radius of the spherical particles (cm)

t :

Time (h)

α :

The rate of chemisorption at zero coverage or the initial adsorption rate (mg g−1 min−1)

α n :

The roots of the first species of Bessel’s function and order 0 (dimensionless)

β :

The extent of surface coverage and the activation energy involved in chemisorption (g mg−1)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Chemistry, Assen Zlatarov University, Bourgas, 8010, Bulgaria

    Lyubomir Vlaev

  2. Department of Materials Science, Assen Zlatarov University, Bourgas, 8010, Bulgaria

    Sevdalina Turmanova & Antonia Dimitrova

Authors
  1. Lyubomir Vlaev
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  2. Sevdalina Turmanova
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  3. Antonia Dimitrova
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Correspondence to Sevdalina Turmanova.

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Vlaev, L., Turmanova, S. & Dimitrova, A. Kinetics and thermodynamics of water adsorption onto rice husks ash filled polypropene composites during soaking. J Polym Res 16, 151–164 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-008-9213-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-008-9213-3

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