Skip to main content
Log in

Dissolution Properties of 3,6-Bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine in N-Methyl Pyrrolidone and Dimethyl Sulfoxide

  • Published:
Journal of Solution Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The molar enthalpies of dissolution for 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (BTATz) were measured in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using an RD496-2000 Calvet microcalorimeter at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Empirical formulae for the calculation of the molar enthalpies of dissolution (Δdiss H), relative partial molar enthalpies (Δdiss H partial), and relative apparent molar enthalpies (Δdiss H apparent) were obtained from the experimental results of the dissolution processes of BTATz in NMP or DMSO. Furthermore, the corresponding kinetic equations describing the two dissolution processes are /dt = 10−3.55(1 − α)0.57 for the dissolution of BTATz in NMP, and /dt = 10−3.74(1 − α)0.63 for the dissolution of BTATz in DMSO, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hickey, M.A., Chavez, D.Z., Naud, D.: Low-smoke pyrotechnic compositions. US Patent 6,312,537 (2001)

  2. Badgujar, D.M., Talawar, M.B., Asthana, S.N., Mahulikar, P.P.: Advances in science and technology of modern energetic materials: an overview. J. Hazard. Mater. 151, 289–295 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Talawar, M.B., Sivabalan, R., Mukundan, T., Muthurajan, H., Sikder, A.K., Gandhe, B.R., Rao, A.S.: Environmentally compatible next generation green energetic materials (GEMs). J. Hazard. Mater. 161, 589–594 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li, S.W., Zhao, F.Q., Yuan, C., Luo, Y., Gao, Y.: Tendency of research and development for overseas solid propellants. Chin. J. Solid. Rocket. Technol. 25, 36–42 (2002). (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yi, J.H., Zhao, F.Q., Wang, B.Z., Liu, Q., Zhou, C., Hu, R.Z.: Thermal behaviors, nonisothermal decomposition reaction kinetics, thermal safety and burning rates of BTATz–CMDB propellant. J. Hazard. Mater. 181, 432–439 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Son, S.F., Berghout, H.L., Bolme, C.A., Chavez, D.Z., Naud, D., Hickey, M.A.: Burn rate measurements of HMX, TATB, DHT, DAAF, and BTATz. Proc. Combust. Inst. 28, 919–924 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yi, J.H., Zhao, F.Q., Ren, Y.H., Wang, B.Z., Zhou, C., Ren, X.N., Xu, S.Y., Hao, H.X., Hu, R.Z.: BTATz–CMDB propellants. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 104, 1029–1036 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yue, S.T., Yang, S.Q.: Synthesis and properties of 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Chin. J. Energy. Mater. 12, 155–157 (2004). (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang, B.Z., Lai, W.P., Liu, Q., Lian, P., Xue, Y.Q.: Synthesis, characterization and quantum chemistry study on 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Chin. J. Org. Chem. 28, 422–427 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hickey, M.A., Chavez, D.Z., Naud, D.: 3,6-Bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine or salt thereof. US Patent 6,657,059 (2003)

  11. Ali, A.N., Son, S.F., Hiskey, M.A., Naud, D.L.: Novel high nitrogen propellant use in solid fuel micropropulsion. J. Propuls. Power 20, 120–126 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Saikia, A., Sivabalan, R., Polke, B.G., Gore, G.M., Singh, A., Rao, S.A., Sikder, A.K.: Synthesis and characterization of 3,6-bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (BTATz): novel high-nitrogen content insensitive high energy material. J. Hazard. Mater. 170, 306–313 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kilday, M.V.: The enthalpy of solution of SRM(KCl) in H2O. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. A Phys. Chem. 85, 467–481 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Li, N., Zhao, F.Q., Gao, H.X., Hu, R.Z., Xiao, L.B., Yao, E.G., Huang, X.P., Chang, P.: Thermokinetics of the formation reactions of metal (Li, Na, Pb and Cu) salts of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one. Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 29, 2101–2106 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li, N., Zhao, F.Q., Luo, Y., Gao, H.X., Xiao, L.B., Hu, R.Z., Ju, Y.H.: Dissolution property of N-guanylurea dinitramide in dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methyl pyrrolidone. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 112, 26–29 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Xue, L., Zhao, F.Q., Xing, X.L., Zhou, Z.M., Wang, K., Xu, S.Y., Yi, J.H., Hu, R.Z.: Dissolution thermodynamics of 1,2,3-triazole nitrate in water. J. Solution Chem. 41, 17–24 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hu, R.Z., Gao, S.L., Zhao, F.Q., Shi, Q.Z., Zhang, T.L., Zhang, J.G.: Thermal Analysis Kinetics, Chap. 2, 2nd edn. Science Press, Beijing (2008). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Xing, X.L., Xue, L., Zhao, F.Q., Yi, J.H., Gao, H.X., Xu, S.Y., Pei, Q., Hao, H.X., Hu, R.Z.: Dissolution properties of the CL-20 in ethyl acetate and acetone. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 99, 703–707 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Xiao, L.B., Xing, X.L., Zhao, F.Q., Xu, K.Z., Yao, E.G., Tan, Y., Hao, H.X.: Dissolution properties of 2-(dinitromethylene)-5-methyl-1,3-diazacyclo-pentane in dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methyl pyrrolidone. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 28, 743–746 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gao, H.X., Zhao, F.Q., Hu, R.Z.: Differential and integral isoconversional non-linear methods and their application to energetic materials. Chin. J. Chem. 26, 1973–1978 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hu, R.Z., Zhao, F.Q., Gao, H.X., Song, J.R.: Foundation and Application of Calorimetry, Chap. 6. Science Press, Beijing (2011). (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21173163) and the Science and Technology Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion in China (9140C350307110C3506).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Na Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, N., Zhao, F., Luo, Y. et al. Dissolution Properties of 3,6-Bis(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine in N-Methyl Pyrrolidone and Dimethyl Sulfoxide. J Solution Chem 43, 1250–1258 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-014-0198-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-014-0198-8

Keywords

Navigation