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Preparation and application of ordered mesoporous carbon-based solid acid catalysts for transesterification and epoxidation

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Abstract

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) was prepared via the inverse replication method using SBA-15 as a hard template and sucrose as a carbon precursor. OMC was sulfonated to obtain the solid acid catalysts, such as OMC-SS and OMC-DS, by heating with sulfuric acid or coupling with sulfanilic acid diazonium. TEM and small-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that OMC, OMC-SS, and OMC-DS exhibited ordered porous structures. XPS and Raman analysis showed that OMC had graphite structure. N2-BET analysis indicated that OMC, OMC-SS, and OMC-DS had average pore diameters of 3.0–3.3 nm and exhibited bimodal mesopore size distributions. Moreover, N2-BET analysis revealed that OMC, OMC-SS, and OMC-DS had surface areas of 1411, 924 and 1001 m2/g, respectively. The surface acid contents of OMC-SS and OMC-DS were 3.9–4.0 mmol H+/ g and higher than those of OCM (2.8 mmol H+/g). FTIR results demonstrated that –SO3H was present on OMC-SS and OMC-DS. OMC-SS and OMC-DS were used to catalyze the transesterification and epoxidation of waste frying oil. The transesterification reactions catalyzed using OMC-SS and OMC-DS provided the maximum yields of fatty acid methyl esters of 90.3 ± 3.3% and 89.0 ± 2.1%, respectively. The double-bond conversion rates of epoxidation reactions catalyzed using OMC-SS and OMC-DS reached 77.2 ± 1.9% and 68.5 ± 2.6%, respectively. The epoxy yields of epoxidation reactions catalyzed using OMC-SS and OMC-DS were 70.3 ± 2.4% and 65.1 ± 1.8%, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia (NZ17094), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21266001), Ningxia scientific and technological innovation leading personnel training (KJT2017006), Leading talents in technological innovation (10,000 people plan), New Catalytic Process in Clean Energy Production (ZDZX201803), Ningxia low-grade resource high value utilization and environmental chemical integration technology innovation team project, New Catalytic Process in Clean Energy Production (ZDZX201803) are gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China

    Lijuan Yang, Hong Yuan & Siyu Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission Chemical Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China

    Hong Yuan

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  1. Lijuan Yang
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Correspondence to Hong Yuan.

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Yang, L., Yuan, H. & Wang, S. Preparation and application of ordered mesoporous carbon-based solid acid catalysts for transesterification and epoxidation. J Porous Mater 26, 1435–1445 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-019-00742-w

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