Abstract
In the current study synthesis of composite material consisting of ethylene glycol (EG) functionalized Zinc-Copper-Nickel (Zn–Cu–Ni) ternary metal hydroxide was successfully carried out and was characterized using various techniques. The formation of layered structure was confirmed using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) while thermal stability was assessed using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of metal ions and their respective oxidation states was confirmed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Pore size of the synthesized material, estimated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis technique, was found to be 15.08 nm g−1. The synthesized material was subsequently utilized for the sequestration of toxic Congo red (CR) dye from untreated water. Investigation of controlling parameters i.e. concentration, contact time and pH was undertaken to see their influence on the adsorption performance. The maximum dye removal efficacy of the adsorbent was observed at pH 7, suggesting good buffering ability of EG functionalized Zn–Cu–Ni composite material. The experimental data for equilibrium studies was favoured by the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption while the kinetic study was best-correlated with the model of pseudo-second order. The capacity of synthesized material for dye uptake was ascertained to be 127.71 mg g−1 along with the good reutilization capacity even after five consecutive cycles. These results demonstrate that EG functionalized Zn–Cu–Ni ternary metal hydroxide may be effectively used as an adsorbent for the separation of dye effluents from aqueous medium.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data available upon request.
References
Al-Salihi KJ, Alfatlawi WR (2021) Synthesis and characterization of low-cost adsorbent and used for alizarin yellow GG and alizarin red S dyes removal from aqueous solutions. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 1094:012175. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1094/1/012175
Austin Taylor H, Thon N (1952) Kinetics of Chemisorption. J Am Chem Soc 74:4169–4173. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a063
Bangham DH (1946) The recognition of phase transitions in adsorbed films on solids. J Chem Phys 14:352. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1724150
Deng L, Zeng H, Shi Z, Zhang W, Luo J (2018) Sodium dodecyl sulfate intercalated and acrylamide anchored layered double hydroxides: a multifunctional adsorbent for highly efficient removal of Congo red. J Colloid Interface Sci 521:172–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.040
Dubinin MM (1959) The Potential Theory of Adsorption of Gases and Vapors for Adsorbents with Energetically Nonuniform Surfaces. Theory Adsorpt Gases Vap 235–241
Freundlich H (1907) Über die Adsorption in Lösungen. Zeitschrift für Phys Chemie 57U:385–470. https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1907-5723
Garg VK, Kumar R, Gupta R (2004) Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution by adsorption using agro-industry waste: A case study of Prosopis cineraria. Dye Pigment 62:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2003.10.016
George G, Saravanakumar MP (2018) Facile synthesis of carbon-coated layered double hydroxide and its comparative characterisation with Zn–Al LDH: application on crystal violet and malachite green dye adsorption—isotherm, kinetics and Box-Behnken design. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:30236–30254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3001-3
Greenwell HC, Jones W, Rugen-Hankey SL, Holliman PJ, Thompson RL (2010) Efficient synthesis of ordered organo-layered double hydroxides. Green Chem 12:688–769. https://doi.org/10.1039/b916301h
Guo Y, Zhu Z, Qiu Y, Zhao J (2013) Enhanced adsorption of acid brown 14 dye on calcined Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide with memory effect. Chem Eng J 219:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.084
Harkins WD, Jura G (1944) Surfaces of solids. XIII. A vapor adsorption of a monolayer area, and the areas occupied be nitrogen and other molecules on the surface of a solid. J Am Chem Soc 66:1366–1373
He J, Wei M, Li B, Kang Y, Evans DG, Duan X (2006) Preparation of layered double hydroxides. Interface Sci Technol 119:89–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4285(04)80047-4
Ho YS, McKay G (1999) Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes. Process Biochem 34:451–465. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00090
Hu X, Liu L, Zeng HY, Xu S, Cao X, Cao XJ (2019) An advanced NiCoFeO/Polyaniline composite for high-performance supercapacitors. Chem An Asian J 14:977–985. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201801905
Jeevanandam P, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A (2001) Synthesis of nanosized α-Nickel hydroxide by a sonochemical Method. Nano Lett 1:263–266. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl010003p
Jura G, Harkins WD (1943) A new adsorption isotherm which is valid over a very wide range of pressure. J Chem Phys 11:430–431. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1723870
Kosova NV, Devyatkina ET, Kaichev VV (2007) Mixed layered Ni–Mn–Co hydroxides: Crystal structure, electronic state of ions, and thermal decomposition. J Power Sources 174:735–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.109
Lafi R, Charradi K, Djebbi MA, Ben Haj Amara A, Hafiane A (2016) Adsorption study of Congo red dye from aqueous solution to Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide. Adv Powder Technol 27:232–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2015.12.004
Lagergren S (1898) Zur Theorie der sogenannten Adsorption geloster Stoffeergren Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Chemie und Ind der Kolloide 24:1–39. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1572824501080908544#citations_container
Langmuir I (1917) The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part II-Liquids J Franklin Inst 184:721. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(17)90088-2
Liu L, Hu X, Zeng HY, Yi MY, Shen SG, Xu S, Cao X, Du JZ (2019) Preparation of NiCoFe-hydroxide/polyaniline composite for enhanced-performance supercapacitors. J Mater Sci Technol 35:1691–1699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.04.003
Liu X, Ma R, Bando Y, Sasaki T (2012) A general strategy to layered transition-metal hydroxide nanocones: tuning the composition for high electrochemical performance. Adv Mater 24:2148–2153. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104753
Mallakpour S, Behranvand V (2020) Layered double hydroxide polymer nanocomposites for water purification. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Nagarajan R, Gupta P, Singh P, Chakraborty P (2016) An ethylene glycol intercalated monometallic layered double hydroxide based on iron as an efficient bifunctional catalyst. Dalt Trans 45:17508–17520. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03129c
Pandey B, Singh P, Kumar V (2021) Photocatalytic-sorption processes for the removal of pollutants from wastewater using polymer metal oxide nanocomposites and associated environmental risks. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag 16:100596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100596
Saroj SK, Pal S, Nagarajan R (2020) Polyol intercalation in copper substituted zinc hydroxide acetate and evaluation of its adsorptive role towards Congo red dye. Appl Clay Sci 185:105411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2019.105411
Selvam T, Inayat A, Schwieger W (2014) Reactivity and applications of layered silicates and layered double hydroxides. Dalt Trans 43:10365–10387. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00573b
Shen X, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Di G, Chen T, Qiu Y, Yin D (2020) Carbonaceous composite materials from calcination of azo dye-adsorbed layered double hydroxide with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for removal of Ibuprofen in water. Environ Sci Eur. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00351-4
Taviot-Guého C, Prévot V, Forano C, Renaudin G, Mousty C, Leroux F (2018) Tailoring hybrid layered double hydroxides for the development of innovative applications. Adv Funct Mater 28:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201703868
Tunney JJ (1996) Chemically modified kaolinite. Grafting of methoxy groups on the interlamellar aluminol surface of kaolinite. J Mater Chem 6:1679–1685. https://doi.org/10.1039/jm9960601679
Wang C, Zhang X, Xu Z, Sun X, Ma Y (2015) Ethylene glycol intercalated cobalt/nickel layered double hydroxide nanosheet assemblies with ultrahigh specific capacitance: structural design and green synthesis for advanced electrochemical storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:19601–19610. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b03176
Wang X, Zhou S, Xing W, Yu B, Feng X, Song L, Hu Y (2013) Self-assembly of Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide/graphene hybrids for reducing fire hazard in epoxy composites. J Mater Chem A 1:4383–4390. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta00035d
Wani AA, Khan AM, Manea YK, Salem MAS, Shahadat M (2021) Selective adsorption and ultrafast fluorescent detection of Cr(VI) in wastewater using neodymium doped polyaniline supported layered double hydroxide nanocomposite. J Hazard Mater 416:125754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125754
Xi Y, Davis RJ (2010) Intercalation of ethylene glycol into yttrium hydroxide layered materials. Inorg Chem 49:3888–3895. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic1000478
Xiang W, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Tang D, Wang J (2014) Synthesis and characterization of cotton-like Ca–Al–La composite as an adsorbent for fluoride removal. Chem Eng J 250:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.118
Xu Z, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Song X, Huang W (2022) Removal performance and mechanism of phosphorus by different Fe-based layered double hydroxides. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21047-7
Yan Q, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Umar A, Guo Z, O’Hare D, Wang Q (2015) Hierarchical Fe3O4 core-shell layered double hydroxide composites as magnetic adsorbents for anionic dye removal from wastewater. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015:4182–4191. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201500650
Zhu J, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Lu H, Qiu Y (2019) Efficient degradation of organic pollutants by peroxymonosulfate activated with MgCuFe-layered double hydroxide. RSC Adv 9:2284–2291. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA09841G
Zhu Y, Yue X, Xie F (2020) Adsorptive removal of phosphate by a Fe–Mn–La tri-metal composite sorbent: adsorption capacity, influence factors, and mechanism. Adsorpt Sci Technol 38:254–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263617420942709
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Delhi Technological University for the immense support and resources to conduct this research. The author PS is highly thankful to UGC BSR for Research startup Grant No. F.30-416/2018 (BSR).
Funding
Authors are grateful to UGC BSR Startup Grant No. F.30-416/2018 (BSR) for the funds to carry out this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JP: methodology, writing, review, editing. PS: conceptualization, writing, review, editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent to Publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Pathak, J., Singh, P. Adsorptive Removal of Congo Red Using Organically Modified Zinc–Copper–Nickel Ternary Metal Hydroxide: Kinetics, Isotherms and Adsorption Studies. J Polym Environ 31, 327–344 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02612-0
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02612-0