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A Systematic Review on Orthopedic Simulators for Psycho-Motor Skill and Surgical Procedure Training

  • Education & Training
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Abstract

Precise simulators can replicate complete understanding of the models. In this survey, we focus on orthopedic simulators that are not only in replicating real-world models but also in educating with complete procedure: surgical, for instance. It covers 18 hip replacement, three-knee replacement, three facial surgeries, one spine surgery and six orthopedic psycho-motor skills training and assessment-based simulators. We also provide comparative studies and highlight current trends and possible challenges. We observed that orthopedic training methodologies have undergone a paradigm shift. This means that the simulators replace the use of sensitive hospital settings for training and skill acquisition. In brief, we address classified overview on existing orthopedic simulators: physical and Virtual Reality (VR)-based simulators. Key steps to develop computer-assisted, VR-based simulator are explored. Experts’ opinion on the use of simulation technologies in the field of orthopedics is discussed.

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Notes

  1. MaterialiseⓇ. http://www.materialise.com/en/medical/mimics-innovation-suite

  2. EdHeads Hip Resurfacing Online Game (2007), available at: https://edheads.site-ym.com/page/hip_resurfacing

  3. About the BoneDoc Simulator. http://bonedoc.org/about.html

  4. ATI Multi-Axis Force/Torque Sensors. http://www.ati-ia.com/products/ft/sensors.aspx

  5. Sawbone. Orthopedic models. https://www.sawbones.com/products/orthopaedic-models.html

  6. Construct validity: the degree to which the simulator can assess the technical skills of the trainees.

  7. Face validity: degree to which a simulator appears similar to the real procedure.

  8. Transfer validity: extent to which the simulator learned skills are transferred into improved skill in-vivo.

  9. Sewmac ArthoVisionⓇ. http://www.swemac.com/simulators/arthrovision

  10. Sewmac TraumaVisionⓇ. http://www.swemac.com/simulators/traumavision

  11. OSSimTech Sim-orthoTM. https://ossimtech.com/en-us/Simulators

  12. VirtaMed ArtroSTM. https://www.virtamed.com/en/medical-training-simulators/arthros/

  13. Blender3D. https://www.blender.org/

  14. 3D slicer. https://www.slicer.org/

  15. 3D doctor. http://www.ablesw.com/3d-doctor/

  16. 3D systems. Geomagic Touch. https://www.3dsystems.com/haptics-devices/touch

  17. 3D systems. Geomagic Touch X. https://www.3dsystems.com/haptics-devices/geomagic-touch-x

  18. Force Dimension. Omega 3. http://www.forcedimension.com/products/omega-3/specifications

  19. Force Dimension. Omega 6. http://www.forcedimension.com/products/omega-6/specifications

  20. Ascension, 3D Guidance trackSTAR and drivebay 6DoF. https://www.ascension-tech.com/products/trakstar-drivebay/

  21. Polhemus FASTRAK. https://polhemus.com/motion-tracking/all-trackers/fastrak

  22. Polhemus G4. https://polhemus.com/motion-tracking/all-trackers/g4

  23. NDI Aurora V3. https://www.ndigital.com/ndi-introduces-the-aurora-v3-electromagnetic-tracking-system/

  24. Northern Digital Inc., Polaris optical tracking system. https://www.ndigital.com/medical/products/polaris-family/

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Funding

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), New Delhi for granting Visvesvaraya Ph.D. fellowship (file no.: PhD-MLA\4(34)\201-1 (05/11/2015)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, 413255, India

    Darshan D. Ruikar & Ravindra S. Hegadi

  2. Department of Computer Science, University of South Dakota, 414 E Clark St, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA

    K. C. Santosh

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  1. Darshan D. Ruikar
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First author: Ruikar, Darshan collected materials and prepared the draft under the supervision of Profs. Hegadi, R.S. and Santosh, K.C. The manuscript has gone through several rounds of internal revisions with Prof. Santosh, K.C. in the presence of remaining authors.

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Correspondence to K. C. Santosh.

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Ruikar, D.D., Hegadi, R.S. & Santosh, K.C. A Systematic Review on Orthopedic Simulators for Psycho-Motor Skill and Surgical Procedure Training. J Med Syst 42, 168 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1019-1

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