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Pubertal Mammary Gland Development: Insights from Mouse Models

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Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During puberty the mammary gland develops from a rudimentary tree to a branched epithelial network of ducts which can support alveolar development and subsequent milk production during pregnancy and lactation. This process involves growth, proliferation, migration, branching, invasion, apoptosis and above all, tight regulation which allows these processes to take place simultaneously during the course of just a few weeks to create an adult gland. The process is under hormonal control and is thus coordinated with reproductive development. Mouse models, with overexpressed or knocked-out genes, have highlighted a number of pubertal mammary gland phenotypes and given significant insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlling this period of development. Here we review the published findings of the wide range of gene-manipulated mammary mouse models, documenting the common pubertal mammary gland phenotypes observed, and summarizing their contribution to our current understanding of how pubertal mammary gland development occurs.

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Abbreviations

TEB:

terminal end bud

FGF:

fibroblast growth factor

PTHrH:

parathyroid hormone related hormone

Bmp:

bone morphogenetic protein

WAP:

whey acidic protein

MMTV:

murine mammary tumor virus

KO:

knockout

ER:

estrogen receptor

PR:

progesterone receptor

GR:

glucocorticoid receptor

VDR:

vitamin D receptor

GHR:

growth hormone receptor

PRL:

prolactin

SRC-1/3:

steroid receptor coactivator-1/3

CITED1:

Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1

SMAD1/3/4:

small and mothers against DPP homolog 1/3/4

TGFβ:

transforming growth factor β

IGF-1:

insulin like growth factor 1

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

epidermal growth factor receptor

ADAM17:

a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17

CSF-1:

colony stimulating factor 1

IL-5:

interleukin 5

Ntn-1:

netrin 1

Neo1:

neogenin homolog 1

MMP-2/3:

matrix metalloproteinase 2/3

TIMP-1:

tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1

ECM:

extracellular matrix

MTA1:

metastasis associated 1

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Acknowledgments

The studies carried out in our laboratory that are described in this review were funded by Science Foundation Ireland, the Health Research Board (Ireland) and the European Union. FM acknowledges the receipt of a President's Research Fellowship from University College Dublin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Jillian Howlin, Jean McBryan & Finian Martin

  2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Cell and Experimental Pathology, Entrance 72, House 91, Floor 11, Malmo University Hospital, S-205 02, Malmo, Sweden

    Jillian Howlin

  3. Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Finian Martin

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  1. Jillian Howlin
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  2. Jean McBryan
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Correspondence to Finian Martin.

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Howlin, J., McBryan, J. & Martin, F. Pubertal Mammary Gland Development: Insights from Mouse Models. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 11, 283–297 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-006-9024-2

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