Abstract
Many membrane proteins and lipids are partially confined in substructures ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers in size. Evidence for heterogeneities in the membrane of oligodendrocytes, i.e. the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system, is almost exclusively based on detergent methods. However, as application of detergents can alter the membrane phase behaviour, it is important to investigate membrane heterogeneities in living cells. Here, we report on the first investigations of the diffusion behavior of the myelin-specific protein MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) in OLN-93 as studied by the recently developed RICS (raster-scanning image correlation spectroscopy) technique. We implemented RICS on a standard confocal laser-scanning microscope with one-photon excitation and analog detection. Measurements on FITC-dextran were used to evaluate the performance of the system and the data analysis procedure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kusumi A, Koyama-Honda I, Suzuki K (2004) Molecular dynamics and interactions for creation of stimulation-induced stabilized rafts from small unstable steady-state rafts. Traffic 5(4):213–230
Simons K, Ikonen E (1997) Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature 387(6633):569–572
Bartlett PF, Mackay IR (1983) The oligodendroglial cell: biology and immunology and relationship to multiple sclerosis. J Clin Lab Immunol 11(1):1–7
Baumann N, Pham-Dinh D (2001) Biology of oligodendrocyte and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol Rev 81(2):871–927
de Vries H, Hoekstra D (2000) On the biogenesis of the myelin sheath: cognate polarized trafficking pathways in oligodendrocytes. Glycoconj J 17(3–4):181–190
Gielen E, Baron W, vandeVen M, Steels P, Hoekstra D, Ameloot M (2006) Rafts in oligodendrocytes: evidence and structure–function relationship. Glia 54(6):499–512
Brown DA, Rose JK (1992) Sorting of GPI-anchored proteins to glycolipid-enriched membrane subdomains during transport to the apical cell surface. Cell 68(3):533–544
DeBruin LS, Haines JD, Wellhauser LA, Radeva G, Schonmann V, Bienzle D, Harauz G (2005) Developmental partitioning of myelin basic protein into membrane microdomains. J Neurosci Res 80(2):211–225
Taylor CM, Coetzee T, Pfeiffer SE (2002) Detergent-insoluble glycosphingolipid/cholesterol microdomains of the myelin membrane. J Neurochem 81(5):993–1004
Heerklotz H (2002) Triton promotes domain formation in lipid raft mixtures. Biophys J 83(5):2693–2701
Heerklotz H, Szadkowska H, Anderson T, Seelig J (2003) The sensitivity of lipid domains to small perturbations demonstrated by the effect of Triton. J Mol Biol 329(4):793–799
Shogomori H, Brown DA (2003) Use of detergents to study membrane rafts: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Biol Chem 384(9):1259–1263
Marguet D, Lenne PF, Rigneault H, He HT (2006) Dynamics in the plasma membrane: how to combine fluidity and order. EMBO J 25(15):3446–3457
Rigler R, Elson ES (2001) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: theory and applications. Springer, New York
Bacia K, Schwille P (2003) A dynamic view of cellular processes by in vivo fluorescence auto- and cross-correlation spectroscopy. Methods 29(1):74–85
Haustein E, Schwille P (2004) Single-molecule spectroscopic methods. Curr Opin Struct Biol 14(5):531–540
Humpolikova J, Gielen E, Benda A, Fagulova V, Vercammen J, vandeVen M, Hof M, Ameloot M, Engelborghs Y (2006) Probing diffusion laws within cellular membranes by Z-scan fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biophys J 91(3):L23–25
Iglesias A, Bauer J, Litzenburger T, Schubart A, Linington C (2001) T- and B-cell responses to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Glia 36(2):220–234
Johns TG, Bernard CC (1999) The structure and function of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. J Neurochem 72(1):1–9
Linington C, Bradl M, Lassmann H, Brunner C, Vass K (1988) Augmentation of demyelination in rat acute allergic encephalomyelitis by circulating mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Am J Pathol 130(3):443–454
Marta CB, Taylor CM, Coetzee T, Kim T, Winkler S, Bansal R, Pfeiffer SE (2003) Antibody cross-linking of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein leads to its rapid repartitioning into detergent-insoluble fractions, and altered protein phosphorylation and cell morphology. J Neurosci 23(13):5461–5471
Marta CB, Montano MB, Taylor CM, Taylor AL, Bansal R, Pfeiffer SE (2005) Signaling cascades activated upon antibody cross-linking of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: potential implications for multiple sclerosis. J Biol Chem 280(10):8985–8993
Richter-Landsberg C, Heinrich M (1996) OLN-93: a new permanent oligodendroglia cell line derived from primary rat brain glial cultures. J Neurosci Res 45(2):161–173
Digman MA, Brown CM, Sengupta P, Wiseman PW, Horwitz AR, Gratton E (2005) Measuring fast dynamics in solutions and cells with a laser scanning microscope. Biophys J 89(2):1317–1327
Digman MA, Sengupta P, Wiseman PW, Brown CM, Horwitz AR, Gratton E (2005) Fluctuation correlation spectroscopy with a laser-scanning microscope: exploiting the hidden time structure. Biophys J 88(5):L33–36
Petersen NO, Hoddelius PL, Wiseman PW, Seger O, Magnusson KE (1993) Quantitation of membrane receptor distributions by image correlation spectroscopy: concept and application. Biophys J 65(3):1135–1146
Hebert B, Costantino S, Wiseman PW (2005) Spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) theory, verification, and application to protein velocity mapping in living CHO cells. Biophys J 88(5):3601–3614
Muller BK, Zaychikov E, Brauchle C, Lamb DC (2005) Pulsed interleaved excitation. Biophys J 89(5):3508–3522
Petersen NO (1986) Scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. I. Theory and simulation of aggregation measurements. Biophys J 49(4):809–815
Braeckmans K, Peeters L, Sanders NN, De Smedt SC, Demeester J (2003) Three-dimensional fluorescence recovery after photobleaching with the confocal scanning laser microscope. Biophys J 85(4):2240–2252
Braeckmans K, Remaut K, Vandenbroucke RE, Lucas B, De Smedt SC, Demeester J (2007) Line FRAP with the confocal laser scanning microscope for diffusion measurements in small regions of 3-D samples. Biophys J 92(6):2172–2183
Costantino S, Comeau SJW, Kolin DL, Wiseman PW (2005) Accuracy and dynamic range of spatial image correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy. Biophys J 89(2):1251–1260 (http://wiseman-group.mcgill.ca/colin.php)
Soumpasis DM (1983) Theoretical analysis of fluorescence photobleaching recovery experiments. Biophys J 41(1):95–97
Webb WW, Barak LS, Tank DW, Wu ES (1981) Molecular mobility on the cell surface. Biochem Soc Symp 46:191–205
Srivastava M, Petersen NO (1998) Diffusion of transferrin receptor clusters. Biophys Chem 75(3):201–211
Wiseman PW, Squier JA, Ellisman MH, Wilson KR (2000) Two-photon image correlation spectroscopy and image cross-correlation spectroscopy. J Microsc 200(Pt1):14–25
Kenworthy AK, Nichols BJ, Remmert CL, Hendrix GM, Kumar M, Zimmerberg J, Lippincott-Schwartz J (2004) Dynamics of putative raft-associated proteins at the cell surface. J Cell Biol 165(5):735–746
Hjelsmström P, Penzotti JE, Henne RM, Lybrand TP (1998) A molecular model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. J Neurochem 71:1742–1749
Tsien RY (1998) The green fluorescent protein. Annu Rev Biochem 67:509–544
Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank Prof. C. Richter-Landsberg for the generous gift of the OLN-93 oligodendroglial cells, Dr. W. Baron and Prof. D. Hoekstra for adapting the OLN-93 MOG-eGFP cell line, Prof. E. Gratton and Dr. M. Digman, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of Irvine, USA, for their help with RICS training and data analysis, Drs. K. Weisshart and M. Marx, Zeiss, Jena, Germany, for tracking scan parameter information, and Mrs. H. Penxten for performing viscosity measurements. This work was funded by the Research Council of the UHasselt, tUL, the K.U.Leuven (GOA/2006/02) and by a Ph.D grant of the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). Support by the project IAP Functional Supramolecular Systems is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Ellen Gielen and Nick Smisdom contributed equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gielen, E., Smisdom, N., De Clercq, B. et al. Diffusion of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein in Living OLN-93 Cells Investigated by Raster-Scanning Image Correlation Spectroscopy (RICS). J Fluoresc 18, 813–819 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-007-0308-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-007-0308-8