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Gene Expression of Different Wheat Genotypes During Attack by Virulent and Avirulent Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) Larvae

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Abstract

Wheat and its relatives possess a number of resistance (R) genes specific for the Hessian fly (HF) [Mayetiola destructor (Say)]. HF populations overcome R gene resistance by evolving virulence. Virulent HF larvae manipulate the plant to produce a nutritionally enhanced feeding tissue and, probably, also suppress plant defense responses. Using two wheat R genes, H9 and H13, and three HF strains (biotypes) differing in virulence for H9 and H13, we conducted a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of gene expression during compatible interactions with virulent larvae and incompatible interactions with avirulent larvae. During both types of interactions, a large number of genes (>1,000) showed alterations in gene expression. Analysis of genes with known functions revealed that major targets for differential regulation were genes that encoded defense proteins or enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid, cell wall, and lipid metabolism pathways. A combination of the enhancement of antibiosis defense, the evasion of nutrient metabolism induction, and the fortification and expansion of the cell wall are likely the collective mechanism for host-plant resistance observed during incompatible interactions. To overcome this resistance, virulent larvae appeared to suppress antibiosis defense while inducing nutrient metabolism, weakening cell wall, and inhibiting plant growth.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by two grants from the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant program, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA 04-35607-14861 and USDA2005-35302-16254). This paper is contribution no. 07-81-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Hessian fly voucher specimens (no. 150) are located in the KSU Museum of Entomological and Prairie Arthropod Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. The microarray chips were processed with the Affymetrix GCS 3000 system in the Gene Expression Facility, Kansas State University. The system was purchased through the NSF Major Research Instrumentation grant DBI-0421427. The authors thank Dr. Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan, Dr. Guihua Bai, and Dr. Scot Hulbert for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript. Mention of commercial or proprietary product does not constitute endorsement by the USDA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Xuming Liu, Lieceng Zhu, Xiang Liu, John C. Reese & Ming-Shun Chen

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Jianfa Bai, Li Huang & Nanyan Weng

  3. Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA

    Marion Harris

  4. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Jeffrey J. Stuart

  5. USDA-ARS-PSERU, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Ming-Shun Chen

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  1. Xuming Liu
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Liu, X., Bai, J., Huang, L. et al. Gene Expression of Different Wheat Genotypes During Attack by Virulent and Avirulent Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) Larvae. J Chem Ecol 33, 2171–2194 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9382-2

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