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Effects of Jasmonate-Induced Defenses on Root-Knot Nematode Infection of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Cultivars

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Abstract

Jasmonates, such as jasmonic acid (JA), are plant-signaling compounds that trigger induced resistance against certain pathogens and a broad range of arthropod herbivores. One goal of this study was to determine the effects of JA-dependent defenses in tomato on root-knot nematodes. Another was to determine if the artificial induction of these defenses could enhance nematode control on plants that carry Mi-1.2, a nematode resistance gene that is present in many tomato cultivars. At moderate soil temperatures, Mi-1.2 can effectively suppress reproduction of most isolates of the common root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria. Mi-mediated resistance has its limitations, however. Mi-1.2 is reported to lose its effectiveness at soil temperatures above 28°C, and certain virulent nematode isolates can overcome resistance even at moderate soil temperatures. This study used a foliar application of JA to activate induced resistance in two near-isogenic lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with and without Mi-1.2, and evaluated the effects of induced resistance at moderate soil temperatures on one avirulent nematode isolate (M. javanica isolate VW4) and two virulent isolates (M. javanica isolate VW5 and M. incognita isolate 557R). In addition, the effects of induced resistance on avirulent nematode performance were examined at a high temperature (32°C). The results indicate that JA application induces a systemic defense response that reduces avirulent nematode reproduction on susceptible tomato plants. Furthermore, JA-dependent defenses proved to be heat-stable, whereas the effects of Mi-mediated resistance were reduced but not eliminated at 32°C. JA treatment enhanced Mi-mediated resistance at high temperature, but did not suppress either of the virulent nematode isolates tested.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Valerie Williamson, Waclawa Pudlo, and Dr. Cynthia Gleason for providing nematode isolates for this project. We thank Fangyan Chen and John Geurber for their assistance with greenhouse maintenance, and Dr. Ron McNew and Dr. Andronikos Mauromoustakos for assistance with statistical analysis. We also appreciate the feedback of Dr. Robert Riggs and two anonymous reviewers on this manuscript. This research was funded by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and the California Tomato Commission, as well as by USDA Southern Agricultural Research and Education program (SARE) grant no. GS03-027.

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  1. W. R. Cooper

    Present address: Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S-225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA

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  1. Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 320 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA

    W. R. Cooper, L. Jia & L. Goggin

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Cooper, W.R., Jia, L. & Goggin, L. Effects of Jasmonate-Induced Defenses on Root-Knot Nematode Infection of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Cultivars. J Chem Ecol 31, 1953–1967 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-6070-y

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