Skip to main content
Log in

Hierarchical differential game between manufacturer, retailer, and bank

  • Published:
Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, a microeconomic model describing interactions between a manufacturer, retailer and bank is created and investigated. The manufacturer produces a single product, the retailer buys the good in order to resell it to the third party for a profit, and the bank lends the money. For the first time, a non-cooperative hierarchical game approach will be applied to a three-dimensional model with five bounded controls. The best optimal strategy for each player will be found analytically with the use of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. A simulation software package is developed to demonstrate the performance of our proposed optimal algorithms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W.G. ROY, Socializing Capital: The Rise of the Large Industrial Corporation in America, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Y.A. ARUTYUNOV, Integrated corporate structures in a modern economy, Annual Report of Economics, Niigata University, N 26, (2002), 87–96.

  3. S.J. GROSMAN, O.D. HART, The cost and benefit of ownership: a theory of vertical and lateral integration, Journal of Political Economy, 84, N 4, (1986), 45–65.

    Google Scholar 

  4. G.M. GROSSMAN, E. HELPMAN, Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  5. N.N. KRASOVSKII, A.I. SUBBOTIN, Game-theoretical control problems, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. M. CHEN, H. CHANG, C. HUANG, C. LIAO, Channel coordination and transaction cost: a game-theoretical analysis, Industrial Marketing Management, 35, (2006), 178–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. T. McGUIRE, R. STAELIN, An industry equllibrium analysis of downstream vertical integration, Marketing Science, 2, N 2, (1983), 161–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. JEULAND, S. SHUGAN, Managing channel profits, Marketing Research, 2, N 2, (1983), 239–272.

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. CHOI, Price competition in a channel structure with a common retailer, Marketing Science, 10, (1991), 271–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. K. SUDHIR, Structureal nalysis of manufacturer pricing in the presence of a strategic retailer, Marketing Science, 20, N 3, (2001), 244–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M. LARIVIERE, E. PORTEUS, Selling to the newsvendor: analysis of price-only contracts, Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, 3, N 4, (2001), 293–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. E. LEE, R. STAELIN, Vertical strategic interaction: implications of retailer power, Marketing Science, 16, N 3, (1997), 185–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. SETHI, G. THOMPSON, Optimal Control Theory. Application to Management Science, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  14. G. FEICHTINGER, E.J. DOCKNER, Optimal pricing in duopoly: a noncooperative differential games solution, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 45, (1985), 199–218.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. G. FREILING, G. JANK and S.R. LEE, Existence and uniqueness of open-loop Stackelberg equilibria in linear-quadratic differential games, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 110, N 3, (2001), 515–544.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. E. DOCKNER, S. JORGENSEN, Differential Games in Economics and Management Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  17. X. HE, A. PRASAD, S.SETHI, G. GUTIERREZ, A survey of Stackelberg differential game models in supply and marketing channels, Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 16, N 4, (2007), 385–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M. INTRILLIGATOR, Mathematical Optimization and Economics Theory, Englenwood Cliffs, New York, Prentice Hall, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. NASH, Equilibrium points in N-person games, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences on the USA, 34, (1950), 48–49.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. A.N. VASHCHEKIN, M.M. KHRUSTALEV, Nonantagonistic game in a the problem of modeling of the commercial activity of wholesale enterprises, Automation and Remote Control, 64, N 7, (2003), 1074–1085.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. G. LEITMANN, Direct optimization method and its application to a class of differential games, Dynamics of Continuous, Discrete and Impulsive Systems, Series A, 11, (2004), 191–204.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. G. FEICHTINGER, The Nash solution of an advertising differential game: generalization of a model by Leitmann and Schmitendorf, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 28, (1983), 1044–1048.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. L. COLOMBO, L. LAMBERTINI, Dynamic advertising under vertical product differentiation, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 119, N 2, (2003), 515–544.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. F. CABO, E. ESCUDERO, G. MARTIN-HERRAN, A time consistent agreement in an interregional differential game on pollution and trade, International Game Theory Review, 8, N 3, (2006), 369–393.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. M.E. SLADE, Product rivalry and multiple strategic weapons: an analysis of price and advertising competition, Journal of Economic Management Strategy, 4, N 3, (1995), 445–476.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. W.H. FLEMING, R.W. RISHEL, Deterministic and Stochastic Optimal Control, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1975.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. L.S. PONTRYAGIN, V.G. BOLTYANSKII, R.V. GAMKRELIDZE, E.F. MISHCHENKO, Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1962.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. E.B. LEE, L. MARKUS, Foundations of Optimal Control Theory, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grigorieva, E.V., Khailov, E.N. Hierarchical differential game between manufacturer, retailer, and bank. J Dyn Control Syst 15, 359–391 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10883-009-9069-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10883-009-9069-9

Key words and phrases

1991 Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation