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Strategic Green Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application to 4-Nitrophenol Reduction of Palladium Nanoparticles

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Abstract

We present a study on the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride in the presence of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using the seed extract of milk thistle (Silibum marianum). Ultra violet-visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscopic analyses were respectively used to characterize and confirm the formation, crystalline nature and morphology of the as-synthesized PdNPs. The particles are spherical, crystalline and the size range is <20 nm. The identification of the possible bio-molecules responsible for the reeducation and stabilization of PdNPs was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effectiveness of as-synthesized PdNPs catalyst has been evaluated, on the well-known 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride and it was monitored using UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopy. The reduction was very efficient and the as-synthesized homogeneous liquid-phase catalyst is eco-friendly, very efficient, easy to synthesize, stable, cost effective and have the potential for industrial applications.

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Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to Dr. S. Barathan (Professor, Department of Physics and Dean, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University) for his motivations and suggestions throughout this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, 608 002, India

    R. Gopalakrishnan, S. Dinesh & K. Raghu

  2. Department of Chemistry (Science and Humanities), M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering (Autonomous), Thalavapalayam, Karur, Tamilnadu, 639 113, India

    B. Loganathan

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  1. R. Gopalakrishnan
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  2. B. Loganathan
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  3. S. Dinesh
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  4. K. Raghu
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Correspondence to K. Raghu.

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Gopalakrishnan, R., Loganathan, B., Dinesh, S. et al. Strategic Green Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application to 4-Nitrophenol Reduction of Palladium Nanoparticles. J Clust Sci 28, 2123–2131 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-017-1207-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-017-1207-z

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