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Antibiotic eluting clay mineral (Laponite®) for wound healing application: an in vitro study

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Abstract

Different materials in form of sponge, hydrogel and film have been developed and formulated for treating and dressing burn wounds. In this study, the potential of Laponite, a gel forming clay, in combination with an antimicrobial agent (mafenide), as a wound dressing material was tested in vitro. Laponite/mafenide (Lap/Maf) hydrogel was formulated in three different ratios of Lap/Maf 1:1, 1:2, 1:3. Laponite/mafenide/alginate (Lap/Maf/Alg) film was also formulated by combining Lap/Maf gel (1:1) with alginate. Intercalation rate of mafenide into the layers of Laponite nanoparticles and physico-chemical properties, including wound dressing characteristics of materials were studied using various analytical methods. Furthermore, the degradation of materials and the release profile of mafenide were investigated in simulated wound exudates fluid and antibacterial effectiveness of the eluted mafenide was tested on a range of bacterial species. The cytotoxicity of materials was also evaluated in skin fibroblast culture. The results showed that mafenide molecules were intercalated between the nano-sized layers of Laponite. The eluted mafenide showed active antibacterial effects against all three tested bacteria. All intercalated mafenide released from Lap/Maf 1:1 and 1:2 gel formulations and nearly 80 % release from 1:3 formulation during test period. No significant difference was observed in release profile of mafenide between Lap/Maf/Alg film and Lap/Maf formulations. Wound dressing tests on Lap/Maf/Alg film showed it is a breathable dressing and has capacity to absorb wound exudates. The study showed that prepared Lap/Maf composite has the potential to be used as an antibiotic eluting gel or film for wound healing application. Additionally, Laponite has shown benefits in wound healing processes by releasing Mg2+ ions and thereby reducing the cytotoxic effect of mafenide on fibroblast cells.

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge the facilities, and the scientific and technical assistance, of the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility at the Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney. Authors would like to thank A/Prof Fariba Dehghani from the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney for assisting in FTIR analysis. We appreciate Prof Brendan Kennedy’s help from The Department of chemistry, The University of Sydney, for allowing us to use XRD and all his scientific advices in this regard.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy (A15), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    M. Ghadiri, W. Chrzanowski & R. Rohanizadeh

  2. Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Republic of Korea

    W. Chrzanowski

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  1. M. Ghadiri
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Correspondence to R. Rohanizadeh.

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Ghadiri, M., Chrzanowski, W. & Rohanizadeh, R. Antibiotic eluting clay mineral (Laponite®) for wound healing application: an in vitro study. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 25, 2513–2526 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5272-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-014-5272-7

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