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A hydrophobically-modified alginate gel system: utility in the repair of articular cartilage defects

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Abstract

Alginate is a family of natural polysaccharides, widely used in industry and medicine for many applications, with its non toxic nature, gentle sol/gel transition procedure and low cost, alginate inferior biomechanical properties have limited its utility especially in tissue engineering. Additionally, ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogels generally lose most of their initial mechanical and swelling properties within a few hours in physiological solution. In order to overcome these limitations, the referenced alginate was treated by covalent fixation of octadecyl chains onto the polysaccharide backbone by esterification. In semi dilute solution, intermolecular hydrophobic interactions of long alkyl chains result in the formation of physical hydrogels, which can then be reinforced by the addition of calcium chloride. FTIR studies clearly showed the presence of ester bonds at 1612 and 1730 cm−1 indicating that the alkyl groups are incorporated in the backbone of resulting polymer. The endothermic peak and exothermic peak present in the DSC thermogram of Alg-C18 had shifted to lower temperatures comparing to native alginate (from 106 to 83°C and from 250 to 245°C, respectively) due to the esterification reaction that leads to high hydrophobic nature of the modified sample. From rheological experiments, it can be inferred that the combination of both calcium bridges and intermolecular hydrophobic interaction in the treated alginate leads to enhanced gel strength accompanied by more stable structure in physiological solution comparing to native sodium alginate hydrogel. Finally, the modified alginate tended to have no toxic effects on mesenchymal stem cell culture, rather it supported MSC chondrogenic differentiation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 1587, 4413, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Kazem Ghahramanpoor

  2. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 1587, 4413, Tehran, Iran

    Sayed Alireza Hassani Najafabadi & Majid Abdouss

  3. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box 19395, 4644, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Bagheri & Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad

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  1. Mohammad Kazem Ghahramanpoor
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Correspondence to Majid Abdouss.

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Ghahramanpoor, M.K., Hassani Najafabadi, S.A., Abdouss, M. et al. A hydrophobically-modified alginate gel system: utility in the repair of articular cartilage defects. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 22, 2365 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4396-2

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