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Dissolution and re-crystallization processes in multiphase silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate

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Abstract

Ultrasonically accelerated dissolution of multiphase silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate powders in water or Earle’s balanced salt solution transforms the powders into needle-like calcium deficient apatite crystals with the c-axis (001) oriented along the needle. Ion exchange with the solution occurs primarily in the first hours of immersion. The transformation is driven by an interaction between the crystal surface and adsorbed water leading to the growth of crystallites which have the most stable surface configuration. First principles calculations of the surface energies of various hydroxyapatite surfaces with and without adsorbed water shows that depending on the ion concentrations in the fluid that determine the chemical potential of tricalcium phosphate, either Ca-rich (010) or stoichiometric (001) layers are the dominant surfaces. The higher the chemical potential, the more elongated in the (001) direction the crystallites become to minimize the total surface energy. The loss of a calcium Ca2+ compensated by the addition of two H+ is strongly favoured energetically on the (001) and Ca-rich (010) surfaces. A high concentration of excess Si at grain boundaries may be partly responsible for the rapid transformation of multiphase Si-TCP.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from Millenium Biologix Corporation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council is acknowledged. The use of ATR-IR was assisted by Dr. Herbert Shurvell of Queen's University. The authors would also like to thank Fred Pearson for operating the TEM at McMaster University, Dr. Greg Cairns, operator of the ICP-OES at the Analytical Services Unit at Queen’s University and Dr. Rana Sodhi for XPS measurements at the University of Toronto. Valuable comments and discussions with Dr. Alexis Pietak are appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6

    Loughlin Tuck, Roope Astala, Michael Sayer & Malcolm J. Stott

  2. Millenium Biologix Corp., 785 Midpark Drive, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7M 7G3

    Joel W. Reid

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  1. Loughlin Tuck
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  2. Roope Astala
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  3. Joel W. Reid
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  4. Michael Sayer
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  5. Malcolm J. Stott
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Correspondence to Michael Sayer.

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Tuck, L., Astala, R., Reid, J.W. et al. Dissolution and re-crystallization processes in multiphase silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 19, 917–927 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-007-0172-8

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