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Electron transport in dye-sanitized solar cell with tin-doped titanium dioxide as photoanode materials

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Abstract

Pure and tin-incorporated TiO2 (Sn-TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared utilizing photolysis method. Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal the formation of fusiform and spherical agglomeration nanoparticles with mesoporous structure and size that is equal to 20 nm approximately. The preparation of 5%Sn:TiO2 is confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and the empirical formal is Sn0.05TiO4. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm that they have a 4 nm crystallite size and crystallized as an anatase phase of TiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that 1% Sn4+ was successfully incorporated with TiO2 and that Ti3+ is presented as an electron trap. Raman spectrum shows a higher shift of TiO2 peaks with in Sn:TiO2. The band gap decreases with increasing Sn4+ incorporating ratio and reaching a minimum value of 2.62 eV corresponding to 5% Sn:TiO2, as well as the adsorption spectrum of Sn4+-incorporated TiO2 has an excellent transmittance with increasing Sn4+ incorporating from 5% weight ratio until reaching 85%. The results obtained that the optimum conditions for working Sn:TiO2 as a DSSCs are 5%Sn incorporation ratio and pH = 3. EIS measurements were used to quantify the kinetics of interfacial charge transfer, such as chemical capacitance, electron recombination lifespan, charge transfer resistance, charge collection efficiency, and charge transfer resistance. Enhanced power conversion is equal to 12.32% for %5Sn:TiO2/based N3 dye/Ag at pH = 3 by using solar simulator (100 mW/cm2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Zaid H. Mahmoud & Reem Adham AL-Bayati

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baquba City, 32001, Diyala Governorate, Iraq

    Zaid H. Mahmoud

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baquba City, 32001, Diyala Governorate, Iraq

    Anees A. Khadom

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The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follow: study conception, design, and data collection: ZHM; analysis and interpretation of results: RAA-B; draft manuscript preparation: AAK.

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Correspondence to Zaid H. Mahmoud.

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Mahmoud, Z.H., AL-Bayati, R.A. & Khadom, A.A. Electron transport in dye-sanitized solar cell with tin-doped titanium dioxide as photoanode materials. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 5009–5023 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07690-9

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