Abstract
In this work, the gold nanorods (GNR) material were successfully synthesized and stabilized by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (GNR-CTAB) and poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (GNR-PSS). The result shows that the effect of stabilizers CTAB and PSS are quite uniform. The GNR-PSS solution revealed great stability after 168 h of continuous shaking. The structure of nanoparticles is characterized by UV–Vis spectrum and transmission microscope (TEM). The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by dropping the GNR material (GNR/GCE) with the nanosized particles onto its surface whose electrochemical properties were studied. Moreover, the determination of As(III) by using electrode was carried out in turn through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV). In the result, the modified GNR/GCE electrode exhibited excellent response toward As(III) by using the DP-ASV method, compares to employ the bare GCE, with a limit of detection (LOD) 0.72 ppb and the linear concentration of As(III) between 0.90 and 38.99 ppb. The modified electrode had durable operation with noninterference of Fe(III), Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions. It is worth noting in this report that the products of As(III) analysis process in real sample solutions are reliable compared to the GF-AAS method.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
References
R.A. Yokel, S.M. Lasley, D.C. Dorman, The speciation of metals in mammals influences their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and therefore human health risk assessment. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 9, 63–85 (2006)
S. Cinti, S. Politi, D. Moscone, G. Palleschi, F. Arduini, Stripping analysis of As(III) by means of screen-printed electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles and carbon black nanocomposite. Electroanalysis 26, 931–939 (2014)
B.K. Mandal, K.T. Suzuki, Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta 58, 201–235 (2002)
A.H. Smith, E.O. Lingas, M. Rahman, Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: a public health emergency. Bull. World Health Organ. 78, 1093–1103 (2000)
A. Mukherjee, M.K. Sengupta, M.A. Hossain, S. Ahamed, B. Das, B. Nayak, D. Lodh, M.M. Rahman, D. Chakraborti, Arsenic contamination in groundwater: a global perspective with emphasis on the Asian scenario. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 24(2), 142–163 (2006)
E. Majid, S. Hrapovic, Y. Liu, K.B. Male, J.H.T. Luong, Electrochemical determination of arsenite using a gold nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode and flow analysis. Anal. Chem. 78, 762–769 (2006)
R. MacDonald, Providing clean water: lessons from Bangladesh: large parts of the world face an unwelcome choice between arsenic and micro-organisms. BMJ 322(7287), 626–627 (2001)
L.M. Camacho, M. Gutiérrez, M.T. Alarcón-Herrera, M. de Lourdes Villalba, S. Deng, Occurrence and treatment of arsenic in groundwater and soil in northern Mexico and southwestern USA. Chemosphere 83, 211–225 (2011)
B.M. Sonkoue, P.M.S. Tchekwagep, C.P. Nanseu-Njiki, E. Ngameni, Electrochemical determination of arsenic using silver nanoparticles. Electroanalysis 30, 2738–2743 (2018)
F.J. Pereira, M.D. Vázquez, L. Debán, A.J. Aller, Cyclic voltammetry of arsenic-doped cysteine-capped ceramic nanoparticles. Electrochim. Acta 109, 125–135 (2013)
H. Rekhi, S. Rani, N. Sharma, A.K. Malik, A review on recent applications of high-performance liquid chromatography in metal determination and speciation analysis. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 47, 524–537 (2017)
W.A. Maher, M.J. Ellwood, F. Krikowa, G. Raber, S. Foster, Measurement of arsenic species in environmental, biological fluids and food samples by HPLC–ICPMS and HPLC-HG-AFS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 30, 2129–2183 (2015)
S. Kempahanumakkagari, A. Deep, K.-H. Kim, S.K. Kailasa, H.-O. Yoon, Nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for arsenic—a review. Biosens. Bioelectron. 95, 106–116 (2017)
G. Melinte, O. Hosu, M. Lettieri, C. Cristea, G. Marrazza, Electrochemical fingerprint of arsenic(III) by using hybrid nanocomposite-based platforms. Sensors (Basel) 19, 1–13 (2019)
S.H. Shin, H.G. Hong, Anodic stripping voltammetric detection of arsenic(III) at platinum–iron(III) nanoparticle modified carbon nanotube on glassy carbon electrode. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 31, 3077–3083 (2010)
A.F. Villadangos, E. Ordóñez, M.I. Muñoz, I.M. Pastrana, M. Fiuza, J.A. Gil, L.M. Mateos, A.J. Aller, Retention of arsenate using genetically modified coryneform bacteria and determination of arsenic in solid samples by ICP-MS. Talanta 80, 1421–1427 (2010)
O. Yehezkeli, R. Tel-Vered, S. Raichlin, I. Willner, Nano-engineered flavin-dependent glucose dehydrogenase/gold nanoparticle-modified electrodes for glucose sensing and biofuel cell applications. ACS Nano 5, 2385–2391 (2011)
Y. Yang, A.M. Asiri, D. Du, Y. Lin, Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on a gold nanoparticle–polypyrrole–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite modified electrode for the amperometric detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Analyst 139, 3055–3060 (2014)
J. Pérez-Juste, I. Pastoriza-Santos, L.M. Liz-Marzán, P. Mulvaney, Gold nanorods: synthesis, characterization and applications. Coord. Chem. Rev. 249, 1870–1901 (2005)
J.T. Holland, C. Lau, S. Brozik, P. Atanassov, S. Banta, Engineering of glucose oxidase for direct electron transfer via site-specific gold nanoparticle conjugation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 19262–19265 (2011)
R. Devasenathipathy, V. Mani, S.-M. Chen, D. Arulraj, V.S. Vasantha, Highly stable and sensitive amperometric sensor for the determination of trace level hydrazine at cross linked pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets. Electrochim. Acta 135, 260–269 (2014)
R. Devasenathipathy, C. Karuppiah, S.-M. Chen, V. Mani, V.S. Vasantha, S. Ramaraj, Highly selective determination of cysteine using a composite prepared from multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles stabilized with calcium crosslinked pectin. Microchim. Acta 182, 727–735 (2015)
M.-C. Daniel, D. Astruc, Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem. Rev. 104, 293–346 (2004)
H. Liao, J.H. Hafner, Gold nanorod bioconjugates. Chem. Mater. 17, 4636–4641 (2005)
D. Pissuwan, S.M. Valenzuela, M.B. Cortie, Therapeutic possibilities of plasmonically heated gold nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol. 24, 62–67 (2006)
S.E. Skrabalak, J. Chen, L. Au, X. Lu, X. Li, Y. Xia, Gold nanocages for biomedical applications. Adv. Mater. 19, 3177–3184 (2007)
M. Alagiri, P. Rameshkumar, A. Pandikumar, Gold nanorod-based electrochemical sensing of small biomolecules: a review. Microchim. Acta 184, 3069–3092 (2017)
N. Yusoff, A. Pandikumar, R. Ramaraj, H.N. Lim, N.M. Huang, Gold nanoparticle based optical and electrochemical sensing of dopamine. Microchim. Acta 182, 2091–2114 (2015)
A.M. Alkilany, L.B. Thompson, S.P. Boulos, P.N. Sisco, C.J. Murphy, Gold nanorods: their potential for photothermal therapeutics and drug delivery, tempered by the complexity of their biological interactions. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64, 190–199 (2012)
H. Chen, L. Shao, Q. Li, J. Wang, Gold nanorods and their plasmonic properties. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 2679–2724 (2013)
A.R. Marlinda, S. Sagadevan, N. Yusoff, A. Pandikumar, N.M. Huang, O. Akbarzadeh, M.R. Johan, Gold nanorods-coated reduced graphene oxide as a modified electrode for the electrochemical sensory detection of NADH. J. Alloys Compd. 847, 156552 (2020)
J. Narang, N. Malhotra, G. Singh, C.S. Pundir, Electrochemical impediometric detection of anti-HIV drug taking gold nanorods as a sensing interface. Biosens. Bioelectron. 66, 332–337 (2015)
Z. Jia, J. Liu, Y. Shen, Fabrication of a template-synthesized gold nanorod-modified electrode for the detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. Electrochem. Commun. 9, 2739–2743 (2007)
M. Govindasamy, S. Manavalan, S.-M. Chen, U. Rajaji, T.-W. Chen, F.M.A. Al-Hemaid, M.A. Ali, M.S. Elshikh, Determination of neurotransmitter in biological and drug samples using gold nanorods decorated f-MWCNTs modified electrode. J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, B370–B377 (2018)
T. Placido, G. Aragay, J. Pons, R. Comparelli, M.L. Curri, A. Merkoçi, Ion-directed assembly of gold nanorods: a strategy for mercury detection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 1084–1092 (2013)
J.M. Liu, H.F. Wang, X.P. Yan, A gold nanorod based colorimetric probe for the rapid and selective detection of Cu2+ ions. Analyst 136, 3904–3910 (2011)
A.Z. Mirza, H. Shamshad, Fabrication and characterization of doxorubicin functionalized PSS coated gold nanorod. Arab. J. Chem. 12, 146–150 (2019)
Z. Wu, Y. Liang, L. Cao, Q. Guo, S. Jiang, F. Mao, J. Sheng, Q. Xiao, High-yield synthesis of monodisperse gold nanorods with a tunable plasmon wavelength using 3-aminophenol as the reducing agent. Nanoscale 11, 22890–22898 (2019)
A.P. Leonov, J. Zheng, J.D. Clogston, S.T. Stern, A.K. Patri, A. Wei, Detoxification of gold nanorods by treatment with polystyrenesulfonate. ACS Nano 2, 2481–2488 (2008)
X. Han, X. Fang, A. Shi, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, An electrochemical DNA biosensor based on gold nanorods decorated graphene oxide sheets for sensing platform. Anal. Biochem. 443, 117–123 (2013)
S. Kundu, S. Panigrahi, S. Praharaj, S. Basu, S.K. Ghosh, A. Pal, T. Pal, Anisotropic growth of gold clusters to gold nanocubes under UV irradiation. Nanotechnology 18(7), 075712 (2007)
Z. Singh, I. Singh, CTAB surfactant assisted and high pH nano-formulations of CuO nanoparticles pose greater cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Sci. Rep. 9, 1–13 (2019)
A.M. Silva, C. Martins-Gomes, T.E. Coutinho, J.F. Fangueiro, E. Sanchez-Lopez, T.N. Pashirova, T. Andreani, E.B. Souto, Soft cationic nanoparticles for drug delivery: production and cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), Appl. Sci. 9(20), 4438 (2019)
N. Timmer, D. Gore, D. Sanders, T. Gouin, S.T.J. Droge, Toxicity mitigation and bioaccessibility of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in a sorbent-modified biodegradation study. Chemosphere 222, 461–468 (2019)
Y. Lan, H. Luo, X. Ren, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, Anodic stripping voltammetric determination of arsenic(III) using a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold–palladium bimetallic nanoparticles. Microchim. Acta 178, 153–161 (2012)
R.T. Kachoosangi, G.G. Wildgoose, R.G. Compton, Sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of paracetamol at multiwalled carbon nanotube modified basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta 618, 54–60 (2008)
J. Soleymani, M. Hasanzadeh, N. Shadjou, M.K. Jafari, J.V. Gharamaleki, M. Yadollahi, A. Jouyban, A new kinetic-mechanistic approach to elucidate electrooxidation of doxorubicin hydrochloride in unprocessed human fluids using magnetic graphene based nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 61, 638–650 (2016)
E. Laviron, General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems. Electroanalysis 101, 19–28 (1979)
I. Taverniers, M. De Loose, E. Van Bockstaele, Trends in quality in the analytical laboratory. II. Analytical method validation and quality assurance. Trends Anal. Chem. 23, 535–552 (2004)
H. Zhang, X. Bo, L. Guo, Electrochemical preparation of porous graphene and its electrochemical application in the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol. Sens. Actuators B 220, 919–926 (2015)
F. Xie, X. Lin, X. Wu, Z. Xie, Solid phase extraction of lead(II), copper(II), cadmium(II) and nickel(II) using gallic acid-modified silica gel prior to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 74, 836–843 (2008)
J.H. Hwang, P. Pathak, X. Wang, K.L. Rodriguez, J. Park, H.J. Cho, W.H. Lee, A novel Fe-chitosan-coated carbon electrode sensor for in situ As(III) detection in mining wastewater and soil leachate. Sens. Actuators B 294, 89–97 (2019)
D. Lu, C. Sullivan, E.M. Brack, C.P. Drew, P. Kurup, Simultaneous voltammetric detection of cadmium(II), arsenic(III), and selenium(IV) using gold nanostar-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes and modified Britton-Robinson buffer. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 412, 4113–4125 (2020)
N.-U.-A. Babar, K.S. Joya, M.A. Tayyab, M.N. Ashiq, M. Sohail, Highly sensitive and selective detection of arsenic using electrogenerated nanotextured gold assemblage. ACS Omega 4, 13645–13657 (2019)
J. Lalmalsawmi, Z. Zirlianngura, D. Tiwari, S.-M. Lee, Low cost, highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of arsenic(III) using silane grafted based nanocomposite. Environ. Eng. Res. 25, 579–587 (2020)
S.-H. Wen, Y. Wang, Y.-H. Yuan, R.-P. Liang, J.-D. Qiu, Electrochemical sensor for arsenite detection using graphene oxide assisted generation of Prussian blue nanoparticles as enhanced signal label. Anal. Chim. Acta 1002, 82–89 (2018)
M. Yang, X. Chen, T.J. Jiang, Z. Guo, J.H. Liu, X.J. Huang, Electrochemical detection of trace arsenic(III) by nanocomposite of nanorod-like α-MnO2 decorated with ∼ 5 nm Au nanoparticles: considering the change of arsenic speciation. Anal. Chem. 88, 9720–9728 (2016)
M.B. Gumpu, M. Veerapandian, U.M. Krishnan, J.B.B. Rayappan, Electrochemical sensing platform for the determination of arsenite and arsenate using electroactive nanocomposite electrode. Chem. Eng. J. 351, 319–327 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dao, ., Nguyen, D.M. & Toan, T.T.T. Determination of arsenic(III) in water using gold nanorods-modified electrode. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 27962–27974 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07177-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07177-7