Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ionization-induced annealing in silicon upon dual-beam irradiation

  • Electronic materials
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Silicon single crystals were irradiated at room temperature (RT) with single and dual low-velocity (i.e., 900 keV I) and high-velocity (i.e., 27 MeV Fe or 36 MeV W) ion beams in order to study synergistic effects between nuclear and electronic energy losses in semiconductors. The damage created by irradiation was quantified by using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in the channeling mode and Raman spectroscopy, and it was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. Whereas single low-velocity ion irradiation leads to amorphization of the surface layer of Si crystals, the use of a dual low- and high-velocity ion beam prevents this phase transformation. However, a remaining disorder exists, the level of which depends on the ratio of the high- to low-velocity ion fluxes. The higher the ratio (1.6 in the present case), the lower the disorder level, with a 30% integrated disorder instead of 100% upon single low-energy irradiation. These results provide evidence that ionization-induced disorder annealing can occur at RT in Si.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wesch W, Schnohr CS (2016) Ion beam modification of solids. Springer, Cham

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Weber WJ, Duffy DM, Thomé L, Zhang Y (2015) The role of electronic energy loss in ion beam modification of materials. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 19:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zarkadoula E, Jin K, Zhang Y, Weber WJ (2017) Synergistic effects of nuclear and electronic energy loss in KTaO3 under ion irradiation. AIP Adv 7:015016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sall M, Monnet I, Grygiel C, Banetat B, Lebius H, Leclerc S, Balanzat E (2013) Synergy between electronic and nuclear energy losses for color center creation in AlN. EPL 102:26002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Thomé L, Debelle A, Garrido F, Trocellier P, Serruys Y, Velisa G, Miro S (2013) Combined effects of nuclear and electronic energy losses in solids irradiated with a dual-ion beam. Appl Phys Lett 102:141906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang Y, Sachan R, Pakarinen OH, Chisholm MF, Liu P, Xue H, Weber WJ (2015) Ionization-induced annealing of pre-existing defects in silicon carbide. Nat Commun 6:8049–8055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gutierrez G, Gosset D, Bricout M, Onofri C, Debelle A (2019) Effect of coupled electronic and nuclear energy deposition on strain and stress levels in UO2. J Nucl Mater 519:52–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hull R (1999) Properties of crystalline silicon. Univ. Virginia, INSPEC, London

    Google Scholar 

  9. Thompson SE, Parthasarathy S (2006) Moore’s law: the future of Si microelectronics. Mater Today 9:20–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Venema L (2011) Silicon electronics and beyond. Nature 479:309. https://doi.org/10.1038/479309a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dimov N, Xia Y, Yoshio M (2007) Practical silicon-based composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries: fundamental and technological features. J Power Sources 171:886–893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zuo X, Zhu J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Cheng YJ (2017) Facile synthesis of porous SnSb alloy anode for Li-ion battery. Nano Energy 31:113–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Moll M (2018) Displacement damage in silicon detectors for high energy physics. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 65:1561–1582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Breese MBH, Mangaiyarkarasi D, Teo EJ, Bettiol AA, Blackwood D (2006) Micro‐patterned porous silicon using proton beam writing. AIP Conference Proceedings 866:269. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2401510

  15. Griffioen CC, Evans JH, De Jong P, Van C, Veen A (1987) Helium desorption/permeation from bubbles in silicon: a novel method of void production. Nucl Instrum Methods B 27:417–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Maleville C, Aspar B, Poumeyrol T, Moriceau H, Bruel M, Auberton-Herve AJ, Bargen T (1997) Wafer bonding and H-implantation mechanisms involved in the smart-cut technology. Mater Sci Eng, B 46:14–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cherkashin N, Darras FX, Pochet P, Reboh S, Ratel-Ramond N, Claverie A (2015) Modelling of point defect complex formation. Acta Mater 99:187–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hu ZG, Tan ZY, Lin Z, Chen J, Wang BS, Tian LF, Zheng RT, Chen YC, Cheng GA (2019) Cu ion implantation improves the performance of Si film anode used in lithium ion battery. Nucl Instrum Methods B 440:191–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Williams JS, Azevedo M, Bernas H, Fortuna F (2010) Materials science with ion beams. In: Bernas H (ed) Topics of applied physics, vol 116. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, p 73

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pelaz L, Marqués LA, Barbolla J (2004) Ion-beam-induced amorphization and recrystallization in silicon. J Appl Phys 96:5947–5958

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Edmondson PD, Riley DJ, Birtcher RC, Donnelly SE (2009) Amorphization of crystalline Si due to heavy and light ion irradiation. J Appl Phys 106:043505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Linnros J, Svensson B, Homén G (1984) Ion-beam-induced epitaxial regrowth of amorphous layers in silicon on sapphire. Phys Rev B 30:3629–3636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Priolo F, Rimini E (1990) Ion-beam-induced epitaxial crystallization and amorphization in silicon. Mater Sci Rep 5:321–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sahoo PK, Mohanty T, Kanjilal D, Pradhan A, Kulkarni VN (2007) Epitaxial recrystallization of amorphous Si layers by swift heavy ions. Nucl Instrum Methods B 257:244–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gentils A, Cabet C (2019) Investigating radiation damage in nuclear energy materials using JANNuS multiple ion beams. Nucl Instrum Methods B 447:107–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ziegler JF, Biersack JP, Littmark U (1985) The stopping and range of ions in solids. Pergamon, New York

    Google Scholar 

  27. Holmström E, Kuronen A, Nordlund K (2008) Threshold defect production in silicon determined by density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Rev B 78:045202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Bacri CO, Bachelet C, Baumier C, Bourçois J, Delbecq L, Ledu D, Pauwels N, Picard S, Renouf S, Tanguy C (2017) SCALP, a platform dedicated to material modifications and characterization under ion beam. Nucl Instrum Methods B 406:48–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Nowicki L, Turos A, Ratajczak R, Stonert A, Garrido F (2005) Modern analysis of ion channeling data by Monte Carlo simulations. Nucl Instrum Methods B 240:277–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nguyen TH, Garrido F, Debelle A, Mylonas S, Nowicki L, Thomé L, Bourçois J, Moeyaert J (2014) Radiation damage in urania crystals implanted with low-energy ions. Nucl Instrum Methods B 326:264–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Xu Z, He Z, Song Y, Fu X, Rommel M, Luo X, Hartmaier A, Zhang J, Fang F (2018) Topic review: application of Raman spectroscopy characterization in micro/nano-machining. Micromachines 9:361–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Vanecek M, Poruba A, Remes Z, Beck N, Nesladek M (1998) Optical properties of microcrystalline materials. J Non-Cryst Solids 227–230:967–972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Thomé L, Velisa G, Miro S, Debelle A, Garrido F, Sattonnay G, Mylonas S, Trocellier P, Serruys Y (2015) Recovery effects due to the interaction between nuclear and electronic energy losses in SiC irradiated with a dual-ion beam. J Appl Phys 117:105901

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Mihai MD, Ionescu P, Pantelica D, Petrascu H, Cracium D, Cracium V, Vasiliu F, Vasile BS, Mercioniu I (2019) Annealing of preexisting defects in silicon single crystals by ion irradiation. Nucl Instrum Methods B 450:85–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Debelle A, Backman M, Thomé L, Weber WJ et al (2012) Combined experimental and computational study of the recrystallization process induced by electronic interactions of swift heavy ions with silicon carbide crystals. Phys Rev B 86:100102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Debelle A, Thomé L, Monnet I, Garrido F, Pakarinen OH, Weber WJ (2019) Ionization-induced thermally activated defect-annealing process in SiC. Phys Rev Mater 3:063609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the French EMIR-A network for providing irradiation beam time, and we express our gratitude to the JANNuS-Saclay staff for their efficiency in performing the irradiation experiments. We also thank the SCALP staff for their help during the RBS/C measurements. I. M. wants to mention that part of her contribution was partially supported by the ANR funding “Investissements d’avenir” ANR-11-EQPX-0020 (Equipex GENESIS) by the “Fonds Européen de Développement Regional” and by the Region Basse-Normandie.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France

    Lionel Thomé, Frédérico Garrido & Aurélien Debelle

  2. CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Laboratoire JANNUS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Gaëlle Gutierrez & Aurélien Debelle

  3. Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, Normandie Université, 14000, Caen, France

    Isabelle Monnet

Authors
  1. Lionel Thomé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gaëlle Gutierrez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Isabelle Monnet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Frédérico Garrido
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aurélien Debelle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aurélien Debelle.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest at all.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Thomé, L., Gutierrez, G., Monnet, I. et al. Ionization-induced annealing in silicon upon dual-beam irradiation. J Mater Sci 55, 5938–5947 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04399-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04399-8

Search

Navigation