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Highly efficient flame-retardant kraft paper

  • Polymers
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Abstract

The flame resistance of kraft paper was greatly modified by an eco-friendly, phosphorus-containing and reactive flame retardant, ammonium phosphite, which was grafted on kraft paper via pad-bake method. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index of treated kraft paper could increase from 19.1 to 48.2%. The results of vertical flammability tests imply that the char length of treated sample decreased from 210 to 45 mm. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that treated kraft paper had the lower initial decomposition temperature and more residues than control sample. Thermogravimetry analysis/infrared spectrometry indicated that the flammable volatile species of treated kraft paper reduced obviously compared with that of control sample. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that ammonium phosphite was grafted on the cellulose molecules by P–O–C covalent bonds and the flame retardant is reactive in condensed phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the modification had little effect on the surface of kraft paper and the residual carbonized frame of treated kraft paper retained the fiber shape after combustion. EDX results showed that the flame retardant introduced a large amount of phosphorus and nitrogen into kraft paper. X-ray diffraction indicated that the modification did not significantly affect the crystal structure of kraft paper. And the strength of kraft papers slightly declined after the modification, but it still remained well.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the “Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities” (Grant No. XDJK2018D009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Textile and Garment, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Fang Xu, Shaoyang Feng, Cheng Zhang & Guangxian Zhang

  2. Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Fang Xu, Shaoyang Feng, Cheng Zhang & Guangxian Zhang

  3. Chongqing Fibre Inspection Bureau, Chongqing, 401121, China

    Ling Zhong

  4. College of Paper-making and Botanical Resources Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China

    Yuan Xu

  5. Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Fengxiu Zhang

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  1. Fang Xu
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  2. Ling Zhong
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  3. Yuan Xu
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Correspondence to Guangxian Zhang.

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Xu, F., Zhong, L., Xu, Y. et al. Highly efficient flame-retardant kraft paper. J Mater Sci 54, 1884–1897 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2911-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2911-2

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