Abstract
The microstructural and textural evolution of pure titanium during differential speed rolling (DSR) at 500 °C and subsequent annealing were investigated using electron backscattered diffraction analysis. Twinning only occurs in the initial stage of DSR, and further deformation is dominated by dislocation slip. The as-rolled microstructure is characterized by large deformed grains, which form a major component of the material, and some dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains mainly existing in shear band regions. A dramatic change in the rolling texture, from the transverse direction (TD) split texture with basal poles largely tilted at ±40° to the single-peak basal texture, occurs during DSR. This change in texture is accelerated during the late stage of DSR and may be attributed to the gradual lattice rotation of deformed grains caused by enhanced basal slip activity. The basal texture changes back to the TD-split texture with basal poles tilted at ±25° after annealing due to consumption of deformed grains with basal orientations from DRXed grains with the TD-split texture. Subsequent extensive grain growth changes the orientation of the a-axis from parallel to the TD to parallel to the rolling direction, which is the result of the preferential grain growth in that direction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huang XS, Suzuki K, Chino Y (2010) Improvement of stretch formability of pure titanium sheet by differential speed rolling. Scripta Mater 63:473–476
Huang XS, Suzuki K, Watazu A, Shigematsu I, Saito N (2008) Microstructure and texture of Mg–Al–Zn alloy processed by differential speed rolling. J Alloys Compd 457:408–412
Huang XS, Suzuki K, Watazu A, Shigematsu I, Saito N (2009) Improvement of formability of Mg–Al–Zn alloy sheet at low temperatures using differential speed rolling. J Alloys Compd 470:263–268
Kim WJ, Yoo SJ, Lee JB (2010) Microstructure and mechanical properties of pure Ti processed by high-ratio differential speed rolling at room temperature. Scripta Mater 62:451–454
Kim WJ, Yoo SJ, Lee JB (2011) Effect of the speed ratio on grain refinement and texture development in pure Ti during differential speed rolling. Scripta Mater 64:49–52
Li ZM, Fu LM, Fu B, Shan AD (2012) Effects of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of nano-grained titanium produced by combination of asymmetric and symmetric rolling. Mater Sci Eng A 558:309–318
Lee HP, Esling C, Bunge HJ (1988) Development of the rolling texture in titanium. Textures Micostruct 7:317–337
Inagaki H (1991) Development of cold-rolling textures in pure Ti. Z Metallkde 82:779–789
Bozzolo N, Dewobroto N, Wenk HR, Wagner F (2007) Microstructure and microtexture of highly cold-rolled commercially pure titanium. J Mater Sci 42:2405–2416
Chun YB, Yu SH, Semiatin SL, Hwang SK (2005) Effect of deformation twinning on microstructure and texture evolution during cold rolling of CP-titanium. Mater Sci Eng, A 398:209–219
Chun YB, Battaini M, Davies CHJ, Hwang SK (2010) Distribution characteristics of in-grain misorientation axes in cold-rolled commercially pure titanium and their correlation with active slip modes. Metall Mater Trans A 41A:3473–3487
Zherebtsov SV, Dyakonov GS, Salem AA, Malysheva SP, Salishchev GA, Semiatin SL (2011) Evolution of grain and subgrain structure during cold rolling of commercial-purity titanium. Mater Sci Eng A 528:3474–3479
Yang DK, An Y, Cizek P, Hodgson P (2011) Development of adiabatic shear band in cold-rolled titanium. Mater Sci Eng A 528:3990–3997
Zhong Y, Yin FX, Nagai K (2008) Role of deformation twin on texture evolution in cold-rolled commercial-purity Ti. J Mater Res 23:2954–2966
Zherebtsov SV, Dyakonov GS, Salem AA, Sokolenko VI, Salishchev GA, Semiatin SL (2013) Formation of nanostructures in commercial-purity titanium via cryorolling. Acta Mater 61:1167–1178
Inagaki H (1990) Hot rolling textures in Ti. Z Metallkde 81:282–292
Glavicic MG, Salem AA, Semiatin SL (2004) X-ray line-broadening analysis of deformation mechanisms during rolling of commercial-purity titanium. Acta Mater 52:647–655
Chun YB, Hwang SK (2008) Static recrystallization of warm-rolled pure Ti influenced by microstructural inhomogeneity. Acta Mater 56:369–379
Wagner F, Bozzolo N, Van Landuyt O, Grosdidier T (2002) Evolution of recrystallisation texture and microstructure in low alloyed titanium sheets. Acta Mater 50:1245–1259
Bozzolo N, Dewobroto N, Grosdidier T, Wagner F (2005) Texture evolution during grain growth in recrystallized commercially pure titanium. Mater Sci Eng A 397:346–355
Hayama AOF, Sandim HRZ (2006) Annealing behavior of coarse-grained titanium deformed by cold rolling. Mater Sci Eng A 418:182–192
Zeng ZP, Zhang YS, Jonsson S (2009) Microstructure and texture evolution of commercial pure titanium deformed at elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 513–514:83–90
Chen W, Boehlert CJ, Howe JY, Payzant EA (2011) Elevated-temperature mechanical behavior of as-cast and wrought Ti–6Al–4V–1B. Metall Mater Trans A 42A:3046–3061
Banerjee D, Williams JC (2013) Perspectives on titanium science and technology. Acta Mater 61:844–879
Numakura H, Koiwa M (1998) Dislocations in metals and alloys with the hexagonal close-packed structure. Metall Sci Technol 16:4–19
Gurao NP, Kapoor R, Suwas S (2011) Deformation behaviour of commercially pure titanium at extreme strain rates. Acta Mater 59:3431–3446
Suwas S, Beausir B, Toth LS, Fundenberger JJ, Gottstein G (2011) Texture evolution in commercially pure titanium after warm equal channel angular extrusion. Acta Mater 59:1121–1133
Agnew SR, Yoo MH, Tomé CN (2001) Application of texture simulation to understanding mechanical behavior of Mg and solid solution alloys containing Li or Y. Acta Mater 49:4277–4289
Ostapovets A, Šedá P, Jägera A, Lejček P (2011) Characteristics of coincident site lattice grain boundaries developed during equal channel angular pressing of magnesium single crystals. Scripta Mater 64:470–473
Zhu KY, Bacroix B, Chauveau T, Chaubet D, Castelnau O (2009) Texture evolution and associated nucleation and growth mechanisms during annealing of a Zr alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 40A:2423–2434
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24560915.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, X., Suzuki, K., Yuasa, M. et al. Microstructural and textural evolution of pure titanium during differential speed rolling and subsequent annealing. J Mater Sci 49, 3166–3176 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8019-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8019-4