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Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/reduced graphene oxide composites with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties

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Abstract

Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane (IFRPU) composites were prepared in the presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as synergism, melamine, and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. The composites were examined in terms of thermal stability (both under nitrogen and air), electrical conductivity, gas barrier, flammability, mechanical, and rheological properties. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy indicated that rGO are well-dispersed and exfoliated in the IFRPU composites. The limiting oxygen index values increased from 22.0 to 34.0 with the addition of 18 wt% IFR along with 2 wt% rGO. Moreover, the incorporation of rGO into IFRPU composites exhibited excellent antidripping properties as well as UL-94 V0 rating. The thermal stability of the composites enhanced. This was attributed to high surface area and good dispersion of rGO sheets induced by strong interactions between PU and rGO. The oxygen permeability, electrical, and viscoelasticity measurements, respectively, demonstrated that rGO lead to much more reduction in the gas permeability (by ~90 %), high electrical conductivity, and higher storage modulus of IFRPU composites. The tensile strength, modulus, and shore A remarkably improved by the incorporation of 2.0 wt% of rGO as well.

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Acknowledgements

We are immensely grateful to Mr. Jalal Nasrollah Gavgani for supporting us financially. Besides, our special thanks are due to Ferdos Taleb for her kind patience to read this work and providing us with her valuable remarks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani & Hossein Adelnia

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani

  3. Department of Polymer Engineering, Islamic Azad University-Shahreza Branch, P.O. Box: 86145-311, Shahreza, Iran

    Hossein Adelnia

  4. Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Mohsen Moazzami Gudarzi

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  1. Jaber Nasrollah Gavgani
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  2. Hossein Adelnia
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  3. Mohsen Moazzami Gudarzi
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Correspondence to Mohsen Moazzami Gudarzi.

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Gavgani, J.N., Adelnia, H. & Gudarzi, M.M. Intumescent flame retardant polyurethane/reduced graphene oxide composites with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. J Mater Sci 49, 243–254 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7698-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7698-6

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