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Tensile properties of polyacrylonitrile- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with some nanoparticles in the matrix

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Abstract

The tensile properties and fracture behavior of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with several types of nanoparticles (25 nm C, 20–30 nm β-SiC, 130 nm β-SiC, 80 nm SiO2, and 300 nm SiO2) added to the matrix were investigated. The tensile stress–strain curves of PAN- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with 25 nm C, 20–30 nm β-SiC, and 80 nm SiO2 nanoparticles have complex shapes (jagged trace), whereas the tensile response of hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with 130 nm β-SiC and 300 nm SiO2 nanoparticles indicates an instantaneous failure. The stress after the initial failure in hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites improves by adding 25 nm C, 20–30 nm β-SiC, and 80 nm SiO2 nanoparticles to the matrix and correlates with the fracture toughness of the polyimide matrix.

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Notes

  1. These values were obtained from the producer’s data sheet. The tensile modulus of the T1000GB PAN-based and K13D pitch-based carbon fibers were measured using a single filament tensile test at a gauge length of 25 mm, and they were 291 ± 11 and 940 ± 48 GPa, respectively [14].

  2. This value was obtained from the producer’s data sheet. The specific density of the bulk polyimide without nanoparticles measured via ethanol immersion (ASTM D792) [33] was 1.297 g/cm3 [34].

  3. Producer’s data sheet. The diameters of all nanoparticles were also measured using a high-magnification transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEM 2000, JEOL) at an operating voltage of 200 kV.

  4. The thickness of individual (T1000GB and K13D) and hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites was similar at approximately1.5 mm.

  5. This size is relatively smaller than the distance between each fibers related to the V f = 50 % (the distance between each fibers at V f = 50 % are similar to the diameters of each fiber).

  6. In our previous investigation [34], the natural crack at the tip of a notch was introduced by tapping the fresh blades. The natural cracks at the tip of a notch for a few bulk polyimides with nanoparticles were also produced using fatigue loading to check the procedure (tapping procedure), and G IC of these bulk polyimides was similar to that obtained by tapping cracked bulk polyimides.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI 22360282 and JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency) through Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA).

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  1. Hybrid Materials Unit, Composite Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan

    Kimiyoshi Naito

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Correspondence to Kimiyoshi Naito.

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Naito, K. Tensile properties of polyacrylonitrile- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with some nanoparticles in the matrix. J Mater Sci 48, 4163–4176 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7229-5

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