Abstract
This paper is the first report on high strength glass–ceramics which mainly contain zirconia as crystalline phase. This is in contrast to previous reports on high strength glass–ceramics which contain low quartz as the crystalline phase. Glasses in the system MgO/Y2O3/Al2O3/SiO2 with zirconia as nucleating agent were melted. The samples were crystallised in a first step at 950 °C for different periods of time and in the second step at 1060 °C for 1 h. The prepared glasses and glass–ceramics were characterised using differential thermal analysis, dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. As shown by X-ray diffraction after the first step in every analysed composition, zirconia was precipitated. With increasing crystallisation time and temperature and depending on the composition, the other phases such as β- or α-quartz solid solutions, spinel and indialite were precipitated. With higher yttria concentrations and increasing crystallisation temperatures during the second crystallisation step, the main crystalline phase was zirconia whereas the quartz solid solution was no longer observed. Bending strengths up to 450 MPa and Young′s moduli up to 115 GPa were obtained after the two subsequent crystallisation steps. Higher yttria concentrations resulted in an increase in density and microhardness. The maximum Vickers hardness was 10.5 GPa.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wange P, Höche T, Rüssel C, Schnapp JD (2002) J Non-Cryst Solids 298:137
Zdaniewski W (1973) J Mater Sci 8:192. doi:10.1007/BF00550667
Dittmer M, Müller M, Rüssel C (2010) Mater Chem Phys 124:1083
Zdaniewski W (1975) J Am Ceram Soc 58:163
McCoy M, Lee WE, Heuer AH (1986) J Am Ceram Soc 69:292
Hunger A, Carl G, Gebhardt A, Rüssel C (2008) J Non-Cryst Solids 354:5402
Hunger A, Carl G, Gebhardt A, Rüssel C (2010) Mater Chem Phys 122:502
Hunger A, Carl G, Rüssel C (2010) Solid State Sci 12:1570
Pinckney LR, Beall GH (1997) J Non-Cryst Solids 219:219
Chen GH, Liu XY (2007) J Alloy Compd 431:282
Katzschmann A, Wange P (1995) Glastech Ber Glass Sci Technol 68:111
Chen GH (2007) J Mater Sci 42:7239. doi:10.1007/s10853-007-1548
Sohn S-B, Choi S-Y, Lee Y-K (2000) J Non-Cryst Solids 35:4815
Vogel W (1994) Glass chemistry, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg
Singh K, Gupta N, Pandey OP (2007) J Mater Sci 42:6426. doi:10.1007/s10853-006-1188
Schwickert T, Sievering R, Geasee P, Conradt T (2002) Mater-Wiss u Werkstofftech 33:363
Evans AG, Charles EA (1976) J Am Ceram Soc 59:371
Neilson GF (1970) Discuss Faraday Soc 50:145
Neilson GF (1972) J Appl Phys 43:3728
Hirose Y, Doi H, Kamigaito O (1984) J Mater Sci Lett 3:153
Höland W, Wange P, Carl G, Vogel W, Heidenreich E, Erxleben H (1984) Silikattechnik 35:181
Dittmer M, Yamamoto CF, Bocker C, Rüssel C (2011) Solid State Sci 13:2146
Wange P, Carl G, Naumann K, Vogel J, Vogel W, Götz W, Höland W (1991) Silicates Ind 1&2:21
Carl G, Höche T, Voigt G (2002) Phys Chem Glasses 43C:256
Shackelford JF, Alexander W (2001) CRC Mater Sci Eng Handbook, 3rd edn., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Garvie RC, Hannink RH, Pascoe RT (1975) Nature 258:703
Tomozawa M (1991) High-toughness glass–ceramics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, (DAAL03-89-K-0046)—Final Report (U.S. Army Research Office)
Clark DR, Schwartz W (1987) J Mater Res 2:801
Chevalier J, Gremillard L (2009) J Am Ceram Soc 92:1901
Bocanegra-Bernal MH, Diaz de la Torre S (2002) J Mater Sci 37:4947. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.2012.11.029
Yu MQ, Fan SG, Shen Q, Zhang LM (2003) Key Eng Mater 249:167
de Almeida RPF, Bocker C, Rüssel C (2008) Chem Mater 20:5916
Bocker C, Rüssel C (2009) J Eur Ceram Soc 29:1221
Bhattacharyya S, Bocker C, Heil T, Jinschek JR, Höche T, Rüssel C, Kohl H (2009) Nano Lett 9:2493
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gawronski, A., Rüssel, C. High strength glass–ceramics in the system MgO/Y2O3/Al2O3/SiO2/ZrO2 without quartz as crystalline phase. J Mater Sci 48, 3461–3468 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7136-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7136-9