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Structure and properties of lead and lead sulfide nanoparticles in natural zeolite

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Abstract

We have synthesized lead and lead sulfide nanoparticles embedded in a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) matrix by a simple hydrothermal process. The process steps involve the partial removing of the natural cations in clinoptilolite, the ion-exchange process to enclose Pb ions and nanoparticles and finally a sulfuration process at different temperatures to obtain lead sulfide phases in the zeolite matrix. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results show the inclusion of three Pb species with different valence states after the Pb ion-exchange step, namely Pb2+, Pb4+, and Pb0. At the end of the process, two simultaneous lead sulfide crystalline phases, PbS (Galena) and PbS2 (tetragonal) were synthesized in the clinoptilolite matrix. The optical absorption spectra of the samples show the exciton absorption peaks typical of colloidal PbS nanoparticles. The average size of the PbS nanoparticles was about 10 nm and their crystalline structure was determined from diffraction electron patterns. The high-pressure phase PbS2 was also identified and its formation was attributed to the influence of the special conditions of clinoptilolite matrix as crystallization media to induce some selective nucleation process of this crystalline phase.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the technical assistance of Jesús Antonio Díaz, J. E. Urbina, M. A. Hernández L. and E. Larios. F:F. Castillón-Barraza also acknowledges to CONACyT and DGAPA-UNAM for research grants 50547 and IN110208-3, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Unidad Querétaro, Apdo. Postal 1-798, Querétaro, Qro, 76001, México

    J. F. Román-Zamorano, H. Arizpe-Chávez & R. Ramírez-Bon

  2. Centro de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal 142, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83190, México

    M. Flores-Acosta & H. Arizpe-Chávez

  3. Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 2681, Ensenada, 22800, B.C, México

    F. F. Castillón-Barraza & M. H. Farías

Authors
  1. J. F. Román-Zamorano
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  2. M. Flores-Acosta
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  3. H. Arizpe-Chávez
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  4. F. F. Castillón-Barraza
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  5. M. H. Farías
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  6. R. Ramírez-Bon
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Correspondence to R. Ramírez-Bon.

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Román-Zamorano, J.F., Flores-Acosta, M., Arizpe-Chávez, H. et al. Structure and properties of lead and lead sulfide nanoparticles in natural zeolite. J Mater Sci 44, 4781–4788 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3720-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3720-4

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