Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Statistically-Switched Adaptive Vector Median Filter

  • Published:
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a new cost-effective, adaptive multichannel filter taking advantage of switching schemes, robust order-statistic theory and approximation of the multivariate dispersion. Introducing the statistical control of the switching between the vector median and the identity operation, the developed filter enhances the detail-preserving capability of the standard vector median filter. The analysis and experimental results reported in this paper indicate that the proposed method is capable of detecting and removing impulsive noise in multichannel images. At the same time, the method is computationally efficient and provides excellent balance between the noise attenuation and signal-detail preservation. Excellent performance of the proposed method is tested using standard test color images as well as real images related to emerging virtual restoration of artworks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anderson, T. W.: An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis, 2nd edn, New York, Wiley, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Astola, J., Haavisto, P., and Neuvo, Y.: Vector median filters, Proc. IEEE 78 (1990), 678–689.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Astola, J. and Kuosmanen, P.: Fundamentals of Nonlinear Digital Filtering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Barni, M., Bartolini, F., and Capellini, V: Image processing for virtual restoration of artworks, IEEE Multimedia (2000), 34–37.

  5. Barni, M., Cappelini, V., and Mecocci, A.: Fast vector median filter based on Euclidean norm approximation, IEEE Signal Processing Lett. 1 (1994), 92–94.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Beghdadi, A. and Khellaf, K.: A noise-filtering method using a local information measure, IEEE Trans. Image Processing 6 (1997), 879–882.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chapuis, R., Aufrere, R., and Chausse, F.: Accurate road following and reconstruction by computer vision, IEEE Trans. Intelligent Transport. Systems 3 (2002), 261–270.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, T. and Wu, H. R.: Adaptive impulse detection using center-weighted median filters, IEEE Signal Processing Lett. 8 (2001), 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Eng, H. L. and Ma, K. K.: Noise adaptive soft-switching median filter, IEEE Trans. Image Processing 10 (2001), 242–251.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Forsyth, D. A. and Ponce, J.: Computer Vision: A Moder Approach, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gabbouj, M. and Cheickh, A.: Vector median–vector directional hybrid filter for color image restoration, in: Proc. EUSIPCO-1996, pp. 879–881.

  12. Karakos, D. G. and Trahanias, P. E.: Generalized multichannel image-filtering structure, IEEE Trans. Image Processing 6 (1997), 1038–1045.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kumar, R., Sawhney, R., Samarasekera, S., Hsu, S., Tao, H., Guo, Y., Hanna, K., Pope, A., Wildes, R., Hirvonen, D., Hansen, M., and Burt, P.: Aerial video surveillance and exploitation, Proc. IEEE 89 (2001), 1518–1539.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lee, J. S.: Digital image smoothing and the sigma filter, Computer Vision Graphics Image Processing 24 (1983), 255–269.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Li, X., Lu, D., and Pan, Y.: Color restoration and image retrieval for Donhunag fresco preservation, IEEE Multimedia (2000), 38–42.

  16. Lukac, R.: Adaptive color image filtering based on center-weighted vector directional filters, Multidimensional Systems Signal Processing 15 (2004), 169–196.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lukac, R., Plataniotis, K. N., Smolka, B., and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Generalized selection weighted vector filters, EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Processing, Special Issue on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing (2004), 1870–1885.

  18. Lukac, R., Smolka, B., Martin, K., Plataniotis, K. N. and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Vector filtering for color imaging, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Special Issue on Color Image Processing 22 (2005), 74–86.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lukac, R., Smolka, B., Plataniotis, K. N., and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Selection weighted vector directional filters, Computer Vision Image Understanding, Special Issue on Colour for Image Indexing and Retrieval 94 (2004), 140–167.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lucat, L., Siohan, P., and Barba, D.: Adaptive and global optimization methods for weighted vector median filters, Signal Processing Image Commun. 17 (2002), 509–524.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mardia, K. V., Kent, J. T., and Bibby, J. M.: Multivariate Analysis, Academic Press, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mustonen, S.: A measure for total variability in multivariate normal distribution, Comput. Statistics Data Analysis 23 (1997), 321–334.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Nosovsky, R. M.: Choice, similarity and the context theory of classification, J. Experimental Psych. Learning Memory Cognition 10 (1984), 104–114.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pitas, I. and Tsakalides, P.: Multivariate ordering in color image filtering, IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems Video Technol. 1 (1991), 247–259.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Pitas, I. and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Nonlinear Digital Filters, Principles and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Pitas, I. and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Order statistics in digital image processing, Proc. IEEE 80 (1992), 1892–1919.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Plataniotis, K. N., Androutsos, D., and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Adaptive fuzzy systems for multichannel signal processing, Proc. IEEE 87 (1999), 1601–1622.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Plataniotis, K. N. and Venetsanopoulos, A. N.: Color Image Processing and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sharma, G. and Trussel, H. J.: Figures of merit for color scanners, IEEE Trans. Image Processing 6 (1997), 990–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tang, K., Astola, J., and Neuvo, Y.: Nonlinear multivariate image filtering techniques, IEEE Trans. Image Processing 4 (1995), 788–798.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Trahanias, P. E., Karakos, D., and Venetsanopoulos, A. M.: Directional processing of color images: Theory and experimental results, IEEE Trans. Image Processing 5 (1996), 868–881.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Viero, T., Oistamo, K., and Neuvo, Y.: Three-dimensional median related filters for color image sequence filtering, IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems Video Technol. 4 (1994), 129–142.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zhang, S. and Karim, M. A.: A new impulse detector for switching median filters, IEEE Signal Processing Lett. 9 (2002), 360–363.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zheng, J., Valavanis, K. P., and Gauch, J. M.: Noise removal from color images, J. Intelligent Robotic Systems 7 (1993), 257–285.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lukac, R., Plataniotis, K. N., and Smolka, B.: Adaptive color image filter for application in virtual restoration of artworks, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, submitted.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of ECE, University of Toronto, 10 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada

    Rastislav Lukac, Konstantinos N. Plataniotis & Anastasios N. Venetsanopoulos

  2. Department of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16 Str., 44-101, Gliwice, Poland

    Bogdan Smolka

Authors
  1. Rastislav Lukac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Konstantinos N. Plataniotis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anastasios N. Venetsanopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bogdan Smolka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rastislav Lukac.

Additional information

Rastislav Lukac: Corresponding author e-mail: lukacr@dsp.utoronto.ca, Web: http//www.dsp.utoronto.ca/∼lukacr.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lukac, R., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N. et al. A Statistically-Switched Adaptive Vector Median Filter. J Intell Robot Syst 42, 361–391 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-005-1730-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-005-1730-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation