Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relationship Between Diagnosis of ADHD in Offspring and Current and Retrospective Self-Reports of Parental ADHD

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study aimed to discover the relationship between parental self-reports of ADHD symptoms and the diagnosis of ADHD in offspring, to demonstrate the extent to which parental ADHD symptoms predict ADHD diagnosis in offspring, to examine the contribution of adult ADHD scales to ADHD diagnosis, and to provide findings on the psychometric utility of adult ADHD scales. The sample consisted of 6–12-year-old boys diagnosed with ADHD (n = 149), boys in the control group (n = 47) and both parents (n = 392). Amongst the many exclusion criteria was the comorbidity of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Parental self-reports of current ADHD symptoms were obtained using the Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (ADD/ADHD Scale), and past symptoms were retrospectively obtained using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WUR Scale). For children diagnosed with ADHD, the frequency of parents with ADHD symptoms was higher than the parents without ADHD symptoms; the significance was derived from the group in which both parents displayed ADHD symptoms. The ADHD symptom scores of the parents led to a high accuracy level when predicting ADHD in children (sensitivity) but led to a low accuracy level when classifying children without any diagnosis in the control group (specificity). The study disclosed the psychometric strengths and weaknesses of the ADD/ADHD and WUR scales for measuring parental ADHD symptoms and provided original findings on their psychometric properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorder. In American Psychiatric Association (Ed.), Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., pp. 134–135). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In American Psychiatric Association (Ed.), Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-5 (pp. 29–32). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aydın, H., Diler, R. S., Yurdagül, E., Uğuz, Ş., & Şeydaoğlu, G. (2006). DEHB tanılı çocukların ebeveynlerinde DEHB oranı. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 9, 70–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkley, R. A., DuPaul, G. J., & McMurray, M. B. (1990). Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 775–789.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia, M. S., Nigam, V. R., Bohra, N., & Malik, S. C. (1991). Attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder among paediatric outpatients. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 297–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J. (1998). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A life-span perspective. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 4–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 366, 237–248.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., & Monuteaux, M. C. (2002a). Differential effect of environmental adversity by gender: Rutter’s Index of Adversity in a group of boys and girls with and without ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1556–1562.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Mick, E., Faraone, S. V., Braaten, E., Doyle, A., Spencer, T., et al. (2002b). Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 36–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Newcorn, J., & Sprich, S. (1991). Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 564–577.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradly, J. D., & Golden, C. C. (2001). Biological contributions to the presentation and understanding of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 907–929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R. T., Freeman, W. S., Perrin, J. M., Stein, M. T., Amler, R. W., Feldman, H. M., et al. (2001). Prevalence and assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary care settings. Pediatrics, 107, e43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Camcıoğlu, T., Yıldız, Ö., & Ağaoğlu, B. (2011). DEHB tanısı konmuş çocukların anne babalarında DEHB sıklığı. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12, 212–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. K. (1990). Conners Rating Scales Manual, Conners Teacher Rating Scales, Conners Parent Rating Scales: Instruments for use with children and adolescents. North Tonawanda, NY: Multihealth Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. K. (2000). Rating Scales-revised: Instruments for use with children and adolescents (1st ed.). New York: Multi-Health Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D., & Epstein, J. N. (1998). The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): Factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 257–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, P. (2001). Understanding AD/HD: A brief critical review of literature. Children and Society, 15, 387–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dereboy, Ç., Şener, S., Dereboy, F., & Sertcan, Y. (1997). Conners teacher rating scale Turkish version-II. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 4, 10–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dereboy, C., Senol, S., Sener, S., & Dereboy, F. (2007). Validation of the Turkish versions of the short-form Conners teacher and parent rating scales. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18, 48–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dereboy, Ç., Şenol, S., Şener, Ş., & Dereboy, F. (1998). Conners Anababa Derecelendirme Ölçeği Uyarlama Çalışması. Ankara: X. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Özet Kitabı (16-18 Eylül 1998, Ankara). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları, p. 42.

  • Doğutepe-Dinçer, E., Bakar-Erdoğan, E., Taner, Y., Soysal, A. Ş., Turgay, A., & Karakaş, S. (2012). Conners Derecelendirme Ölçeğinin yönetici işlevlerle ilişkisi. Journal of Medical Sciences, 32, 1011–1025.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J. N., Conners, C. K., Erhardt, D., Arnold, L. E., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S. P., et al. (2000). Familial aggregation of ADHD characteristics. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 585–594.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erden, G., Kurdoğlu, F., & Uslu, R. (2002). İlköğretim okullarına devam eden Türk çocuklarının sınıf düzeylerine göre okuma hızı ve yazım hataları normlarının geliştirilmesi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13, 5–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., & Biederman, J. (1994). Genetics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 3, 285–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Chen, W. J., Milberger, S., Warburton, R., & Tsuang, M. T. (1995). Genetic heterogeneity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Gender, psychiatric comorbidity, and maternal ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 334–345.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., & Mick, E. (1997). Symptom reports by adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Are they influenced by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in their children? The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 583–584.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Mick, E., Doyle, A. E., Wilens, T., Spencer, T., et al. (2001). A family study of psychiatric comorbidity in girls and boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 15, 586–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Mick, E., Williamson, S., Wilens, T., Spencer, T., et al. (2000a). Family study of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1077–1083.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S., Biederman, J., & Monuteaux, M. C. (2002). Further evidence for the diagnostic continuity between child and adolescent ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 6, 5–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Spencer, T., Wilens, T., Seidman, L. J., Mick, E., & Doyle, A. E. (2000b). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: An overview. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 9–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faraone, S. V., & Doyle, A. E. (2001). The nature and heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10, 299–316.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frazier, T. W., Demaree, H. A., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2004). Meta-analysis of intellectual and neuropsychological test performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 18, 543–555.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gianarris, W. J., Golden, C. J., & Greene, L. (2001). The Conners’ Parent Rating Scales: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 1061–1093.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gökler, B., Ünal, F., Pehlivantürk, B., Kültür, Ç. E., Akdemir, D., & Taner, Y. (2004). Okul Çağı Çocukları İçin Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi -Şimdi ve yaşam boyu şekli- Türkçe uyarlamasının geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 11, 109–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, B. (2011). Cognitive psychology: Connecting mind, research and everyday experience (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R., & Stevenson, J. (1989). A twin study of hyperactivity-II: The aetiologic role of genes family relationships and perinatal advensity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 691–709.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goyette, C. H., Conners, C. K., & Ulrich, R. F. (1978). Normative data on revised Conners parent and teacher rating scales. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 6, 221–236.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Güçlü, O., & Erkıran, M. (2004). Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu tanısı konmuş çocukların ebeveynlerinde psikiyatrik yüklülük. Klinik Psikiyatri, 7, 32–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Günay, Ş., Savran, C., Aksoy, U. M., Maner, F., Turgay, A., & Yargıç, İ. (2006). Erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Ölçeğinin (Adult ADD/ADHD DSM IV- Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale) dilsel eşdeğerlilik, geçerlik güvenirlik ve norm çalışması. Türkiye’de Psikiyatri, 8, 98–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haberstick, B. C., Timberlake, D., Hopfer, C. J., Lessem, J. M., Ehringer, M. A., & Hewitt, J. K. (2008). Genetic and environmental contributions to retrospectively reported DSM-IV childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1057–1066.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hechtman, L. (1996). Families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 350–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • İmren, S. G., Rodopman Arman, A., & Ulusan, S. (2013). Psychopathology in parents and siblings of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Düşünen Adam, 26, 89–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (2001). Families of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Review and recommendations for future research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4, 183–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karakaş, S. (2006). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (ADHD) ve alttürlerinde tanı: Bir sosyal soruna multidisipliner ve multiteknolojik çözüm. (Proje No: DPT-HÜAF 2006K120-640-06-08).

  • Karakaş, S., & Başar, E. (2006). Models and theories of brain function within a framework of behavioral cognitive psychology. International Journal of Psychophysiology (Special Issue on “Models and Theories of Brain Function with Special Emphasis on Cognitive Processing), 60, 186–193.

  • Karakaş, S., & Soysal, A. Ş. (2008). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunda nöropsikolojik yaklaşım (Bölüm 23). In S. Karakaş (Ed.), Kognitif Nörobilimler. Ankara: Medikal & Nobel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., et al. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for schoolage children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of American of Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 980–988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Faraone, S. V., et al. (2005). Patterns and predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder persistence into adulthood: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1442–1451.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M. (1985). The children’s depression inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 995–998.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, G., Sheerin, D., Carr, A., Dooley, B., Barton, V., Marshall, D., et al. (2005). Family factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and emotional disorders in children. Journal of Family Therapy, 27, 76–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lara, C., Fayyad, J., de Graaf, R., Kessler, R. C., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Angermeyer, M., Demytteneare, Kde Girolamo, G., Haro, J. M., Jin, R., Karam, E. G., Lépine, J. P., Mora, M.E., Ormel, J., Posada-Villa, J., & Sampson, N. (2009). Childhood predictors of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 46–54.

  • Levy, F., Hay, D., McStephen, M., Wood, C., & Waldman, I. (1997). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A category or a continuum? Genetic analysis of a large-scale twin study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 737–744.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loney, J., Paternite, C. E., Schwartz, J. E., & Roberts, M. A. (1997). Associations between clinic-referred boys and their fathers on childhood inattention-overactivity and aggression dimensions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 499–509.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, N., & Scourfield, J. (2002). Observer effects and heritability symptoms of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 260–265.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCann, B. S., Scheele, L., Ward, N., & Roy-Byrne, P. (2000). Discriminant validity of the Wender Utah Rating Scale for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 12, 240–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, K. R., & Adler, L. A. (2004). Assessing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: Focus on rating scales. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 12–17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norusis, M. J. & Norusis, M. N. (2008). SPSS Statistics 17.0 guide to data analysis. Chicago: Prentice Hall.

  • Öncü, B. (2008). Yetişkinde Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu. In S. Karakaş, et al. (Eds.), Kognitif Nörobilimler (pp. 417–436). Ankara: Medikal&Nobel Kitapevi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Öncü, B., Ölmez, S., & Şentürk, V. (2005). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in adults. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16, 252–259.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Öy, B. (1991). Çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2, 132–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Özkan Ceylan, A., Çulha, M., & Karakaş, S. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu belirtilerinin elektrofizyolojik bileşenler ve MMPI-2 puanlarıyla ilişkisi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 29(74), 66–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Özusta, Ş. (1995). Çocuklar için Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanterinin uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10, 32–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puentes-Rozo, P. J., Barceló-Martínez, E., & Pineda, D. A. (2008). Behavioural and neuropsychological characteristics of children of both sexes, between 6 and 11 years of age, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Revue Neurologique, 47, 175–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Savaşır, I., & Şahin, N. (1995). Wechsler Çocuklar İçin Zeka Ölçeği (WISC-R) el kitabı. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schachar, R., & Wachsmuth, R. (1990). Hyperactivity and parental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology, 31, 381–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şener, Ç., Dereboy, Ç., Dereboy, İ. F., & Sertcan, Y. (1993). Conners teacher rating scale Turkish version-I. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 2, 131–141.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Cushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprich, S., Biederman, J., Crawford, M. H., Mundy, E., & Faraone, S. V. (2000). Adoptive and biological families of children and adolescents with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1432–1437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szatmari, P., Offord, D. R., & Boyle, M. H. (1989). Ontario child health study: Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 219–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnik, B., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: HarperCollins College Publ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahiroğlu, A. Y., Avcı, A., Fırat, S., & Seydaoğlu, G. (2005). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu: Alt tipleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 6, 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamam, L., Tuğlu, C., Karataş, C., & Özcan, S. (2006). Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with bipolar I disorder in remission: Preliminary study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 480–485.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tannock, R. (1998). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Advances in cognitive neurobiological and genetic research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 65–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torun, N. Y., Özşahin, A., & Sütçügil, L. (2009). Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun Yetişkinlikteki Yansımaları. Klinik Psikiyatri, 12, 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuğlu, C. (1996). Dikkat Eksikliği/Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Babalarında Bu Tanının ve Ruhsal Durumun Gözden Geçirilmesi (unpublished dissertation). Edirne: Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuğlu, C. (2004). Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunun genetiği. 3P Psikiyatri. Psikoloji, Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 12, 89–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuğlu, C., & Abay, E. (1997). Erişkinlerde dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğunu öykü, tanı ve ruhsal durum bakımından gözden geçirilmesi. Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji Dergisi, 5, 19–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuğlu, C., & Şahin, Ö. Ö. (2010). Erişkin dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu: Nörobiyoloji, tanı sorunları ve klinik özellikler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2, 75–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turgay, A. (1995). Adult ADD/ADHD DSM-IV Based Diagnostic Screening and Rating Scale. Canada: Ontario.

  • Turgut, S., Erden, G., & Karakaş, S. (2010). Özgül Öğrenme Güçlüğü (ÖÖG), Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) birlikteliği ve kontrol gruplarının ÖÖG Bataryası ile belirlenen profilleri. Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17, 13–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Türkbay, T., Erman, H., & Söhmen, A. (2001). Çocuk ve ergenlerde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğunun alt tipleri ile sürekli performans testi değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 43, 186–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, M. F., Wender, P. H., & Reimherr, F. H. (1993). The Wender Utah Rating Scale: An aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 885–890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1974). Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1997). IQ classification in educational use. New York: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wender, P. H., Ward, M. F., Reimherr, F. W., & Marchant, B. K. (2000). ADHD in adults. The Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The study was partially supported by the State Planning Organization of Turkey and the Scientific Research Unit of Hacettepe University (DPT-HÜAF 2006K120-640-06-08). We whole-heartedly thank the parents and the children for agreeing to be a part of this study. The perseverance and cooperation that they exhibited during the data collection procedures was exemplary. We wish to extend our utmost appreciation to Nermin Akkaya, who organized appointments with the participants and specialists so that the many different types of data could be collected and who organized the transportation of the participants to and from their homes prior to and at the end of the day. This multitechnological and multidisciplinary project could not have been conducted without the logistics that she provided. We would like to thank A. Şebnem Soysal for her contribution to the data collection.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

    Sirel Karakaş, Elvin Doğutepe Dinçer & Hatice Ülsever

  2. Department of Psychology, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey

    Emel Erdoğan Bakar

  3. Department of Psychology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Arzu Özkan Ceylan

  4. Department of Child Psychiatry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Yasemen Işık Taner

Authors
  1. Sirel Karakaş
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emel Erdoğan Bakar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elvin Doğutepe Dinçer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hatice Ülsever
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Arzu Özkan Ceylan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yasemen Işık Taner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sirel Karakaş.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karakaş, S., Bakar, E.E., Dinçer, E.D. et al. Relationship Between Diagnosis of ADHD in Offspring and Current and Retrospective Self-Reports of Parental ADHD. J Child Fam Stud 24, 3595–3609 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0169-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0169-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation