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Ecophysiological responses of marine macroalgae to climate change factors

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Abstract

Marine macroalgae are ecologically and economically important primary producers, being adjacent to human living areas and playing key roles in coastal carbon cycles. They are subject to both regional and global environmental changes in coastal waters, where environmental factors fluctuate dramatically due to high biological production and land runoff. Since global ocean changes can influence coastal environments, global warming-induced ocean warming, ocean acidification (OA) caused by atmospheric CO2 rise and increasing ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance at the earth’s surface are affecting physiology, life cycles, and community structures of macroalgae. Here, we examine recent progress towards understanding the effects of these climate change factors on ecophysiology of macroalgae. Some species tested show enhanced growth and/or photosynthesis under elevated CO2 levels or ocean acidification conditions, possibly due to increased availability of CO2 in seawater with neglected influence of pH drop. Nevertheless, OA can harm some macroalgae due to their high sensitivity to the acidic perturbation to intracellular acid–base stability. Mild ocean warming has been shown to benefit most macroalgae examined. Respiration quotient increased due to combined effects of ocean warming and acidification. UVB almost always harms the physiological functions of macroalgae, which develop protective strategies, such as accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds; UVA can drive photosynthesis under moderate levels of solar radiation or when solely exposed to it. However, little has been documented on the interactions of these multiple stressors. Future work requires further investigations to examine the effects of OA under complex environments or under multiple stressors to advance knowledge on macroalgal global change biology.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC, no. 41430967, 41120164007, and 41376129), State Oceanic Administration (National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction, GASI-03-01-02-04), joint project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shandong province (no. U1406403), and Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. XDA1102030204).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University/College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Yan Ji & Kunshan Gao

  2. School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao, 266555, China

    Yan Ji

  3. Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, China

    Zhiguang Xu

  4. College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Dinghui Zou

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  1. Yan Ji
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  2. Zhiguang Xu
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  3. Dinghui Zou
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  4. Kunshan Gao
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Correspondence to Kunshan Gao.

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Ji, Y., Xu, Z., Zou, D. et al. Ecophysiological responses of marine macroalgae to climate change factors. J Appl Phycol 28, 2953–2967 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0840-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0840-5

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