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The Association of Prenatal Vitamins and Folic Acid Supplement Intake with Odds of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a High-Risk Sibling Cohort, the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI)

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Abstract

We examined maternal prenatal vitamin use or supplemental folic acid intake during month one of pregnancy for association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation, an enriched-risk pregnancy cohort. Total folic acid intake was calculated from monthly prenatal vitamins, multivitamins, and other supplement reports. Clinical assessments through age 3 years classified children as ASD (n = 38) or non-ASD (n = 153). In pregnancy month one, prenatal vitamin use (59.7%) was not significantly associated with odds of ASD (OR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.32, 1.53). Sample size was limited and residual confounding was possible. Given the estimated effect sizes in this and previous work, prenatal vitamin intake during early pregnancy could be a clinically useful preventative measure for ASD.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for the EARLI study was provided by the National Institutes of Health (R01ES016443, PI: Newschaffer) and Autism Speaks (003,953 PI: Newschaffer). The nutrient measures in this study were supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 ES025574, PI: Schmidt). Support for this research was also provided by the National Institutes of Health (P30ES017885). Mr. Dou and Dr. Bakulski were supported by grants (R01 ES025531, PI: Fallin; R01 AG055406, MPI: Bakulski; R01 MD013299). Ms. Brieger was supported by the Genome Sciences Training Program (T32 HG000040), the Medical Scientists Training Program (T32 GM007863), and the University of Michigan Department of Epidemiology David Schottenfeld, M.D. Endowed Scholarship. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Katharine K. Brieger, Kelly M. Bakulski, Celeste L. Pearce, Ana Baylin & John F. Dou

  2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Ana Baylin

  3. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 850, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Jason I. Feinberg & M. Daniele Fallin

  4. Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA

    Lisa A. Croen

  5. Department of Public Health Sciences and The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, UC Davis School of Medicine - Medical Sciences 1C, Suite 123, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Irva Hertz-Picciotto & Rebecca J. Schmidt

  6. Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, State College, 325 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Craig J. Newschaffer

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  1. Katharine K. Brieger
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  8. Irva Hertz-Picciotto
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  9. Craig J. Newschaffer
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  10. M. Daniele Fallin
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  11. Rebecca J. Schmidt
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Contributions

KKB performed the analysis and wrote the original draft. KMB and CLP guided the analytic methodology used and supervised. JIF and JFD curated the dataset and performed code review. LAC, IHP, CJN, and MDF developed the cohort and acquired funding to support the project. RJS and KKB conceptualized the goal of the paper. KKB, KMB, CLP, AB, MDF, and RJS provided interpretation, review, and editing of the manuscript. RJS and MDF provided funding for this analysis.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Kelly M. Bakulski or Rebecca J. Schmidt.

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Brieger, K.K., Bakulski, K.M., Pearce, C.L. et al. The Association of Prenatal Vitamins and Folic Acid Supplement Intake with Odds of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a High-Risk Sibling Cohort, the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI). J Autism Dev Disord 52, 2801–2811 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05110-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05110-9

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