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Three-Party Secure Semiquantum Summation without Entanglement Among Quantum User and Classical Users

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Abstract

In this paper, a three-party secure semiquantum summation protocol, which can calculate the modulo 2 addition of the private bits from one quantum participant and two classical participants, is constructed by only using single qubits as the initial quantum resource. This protocol needs none of quantum entanglement swapping, the unitary operation or a pre-shared private key. This protocol only requires the quantum participant to perform the \(\left\{ {\left| 0 \right\rangle ,\left| 1 \right\rangle } \right\}\) basis measurements, the \(\left\{ {\left| + \right\rangle ,\left| - \right\rangle } \right\}\) basis measurements and the Bell basis measurements. Compared with the existing only semiquantum summation protocol (Int J Theor Phys, 60 (2021) 3478), this protocol has better performance in quantum measurements for quantum participant; moreover, it may also have higher qubit efficiency.

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Acknowledgements

Funding by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62071430), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang (Grant No.JRK21002) and Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Network Standards and Technologies (No. 2013E10012) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. College of Information & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People’s Republic of China

    Jia-Li Hu & Tian-Yu Ye

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  1. Jia-Li Hu
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Correspondence to Tian-Yu Ye.

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Hu, JL., Ye, TY. Three-Party Secure Semiquantum Summation without Entanglement Among Quantum User and Classical Users. Int J Theor Phys 61, 170 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05158-y

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