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Ranging of Rhinopithecus bieti in the Samage Forest, China. I. Characteristics of Range Use

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Abstract

We quantified the home range and explored the style of ranging of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the subtropical-temperate montane Samage Forest (part of Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve) in the vicinity of Gehuaqing. Over 14.5 mo, we took positional records of the study band via a GPS receiver at 30-min intervals, and found that they covered an area of 32 km2. Over a 10-yr period, the group even ranged in an area of 56 km2, which is among the largest home range estimates for any primate. The large home range was probably due to the combined effects of large group size (N > 400) and forest heterogeneity, with seasonally food-rich areas interspersed with less valuable areas. The subjects did not use their home range uniformly: 29% of the grid cells had more location records than expected based on a uniform distribution, thus representing a core area, albeit a disjunct one. A continuous 1-mo group follow in the fall revealed that the band traveled on average 1.62 km/d and that days of concentrated use of a particular forest block were followed by more extensive marches. Neither climate nor human disturbance parameters correlate significantly with monthly estimates of the group’s home range size. Even though there is no significant correlation between temporal availability of plant phenophases and range size, our observations implicate temporal and spatial availability of food as a determinant of home range use of the focal group. Winter, spring, and summer home ranges are equally large: 18.2, 17.8, and 18.6 km2, respectively. Home range decreased markedly in fall (9.3 km2), probably because the band obtained sufficient food resources (fruit) in a smaller area. The large winter range is best attributed to the exploitation of dispersed clumped patches of mature fruits.

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Acknowledgments

We would have been unable to accomplish this enterprise without the help of our assistants and forest guards Shunkai Feng, Xuesheng Feng and Xuewen Feng. We thank Mr. Sikang Liu for permitting us to work at Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve. The State Forestry Administration of China approved the project. We thank Jiaoyan Zhuang for help with GIS analyses and Peter Fashing, Craig Kirkpatrick, and 2 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the content of the manuscript and proofreading of the text. This study was made possible by grants from the following institutions to Cyril C. Grueter: Janggen-Pöhn-Stiftung, A. H. Schultz Stiftung, Zürcher Tierschutz, G. & A. Claraz-Schenkung, Goethe-Stiftung, Jane Goodall Institute Schweiz, and the Kommission für Reisestipendien der Schweizerischen Akademie der Naturwissenschaften SANW (all Switzerland), and the Offield Family Foundation, Amerman Foundation, Primate Conservation, Inc., Zoological Society of San Diego, and the Primate Action Fund of Conservation International (all USA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland

    Cyril C. Grueter & Carel P. van Schaik

  2. Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China

    Cyril C. Grueter, Dayong Li, Baoping Ren & Fuwen Wei

  3. College of Life Science, China West Normal University, 637002, Nanchong, Sichuan, China

    Dayong Li & Fuwen Wei

  4. The Nature Conservancy China Program, 650034, Kunming, China

    Yongcheng Long

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  1. Cyril C. Grueter
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  2. Dayong Li
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  3. Carel P. van Schaik
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  4. Baoping Ren
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  5. Yongcheng Long
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  6. Fuwen Wei
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Correspondence to Fuwen Wei.

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Cyril C. Grueter and∙Dayong Li contributed equally to the paper.

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Grueter, C.C., Li, D., van Schaik, C.P. et al. Ranging of Rhinopithecus bieti in the Samage Forest, China. I. Characteristics of Range Use. Int J Primatol 29, 1121–1145 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9299-9

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