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Neutrophilic Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Premenopausal Women Chronically Exposed to Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass Burning

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The possibility of inflammation and neutrophil activation in response to indoor air pollution (IAP) from biomass fuel use has been investigated. For this, 142 premenopausal, never-smoking women (median age, 34 years) who cook exclusively with biomass (wood, dung, crop wastes) and 126 age-matched control women who cook with cleaner fuel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were enrolled. The neutrophil count in blood and sputum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in biomass users than the control group. Flow cytometric analysis revealed marked increase in the surface expression of CD35 (complement receptor-1), CD16 (FCγ receptor III), and β2 Mac-1 integrin (CD11b/CD18) on circulating neutrophils of biomass users. Besides, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that they had 72%, 67%, and 54% higher plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12, respectively, and doubled neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8. Immunocytochemical study revealed significantly higher percentage of airway neutrophils expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase, while the serum level of nitric oxide was doubled in women who cooked with biomass. Spectrophotometric analysis documented higher myeloperoxidase activity in circulating neutrophils of biomass users, suggesting neutrophil activation. Flow cytometry showed excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by leukocytes of biomass-using women, whereas their erythrocytes contained a depleted level of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Indoor air of biomass-using households had two to four times more particulate matter with diameters of <10 μm (PM10) and <2.5 μm (PM2.5) as measured by real-time laser photometer. After controlling potential confounders, rise in proinflammatory mediators among biomass users were positively associated with PM10 and PM2.5 in indoor air, suggesting a close relationship between IAP and neutrophil activation. Besides, the levels of neutrophil activation and inflammation markers were positively associated with generation of ROS and negatively with SOD, indicating a role of oxidative stress in mediating neutrophilic inflammatory response following chronic inhalation of biomass smoke.

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Abbreviations

ACD:

acid citrate dextrose

BMF:

biomass fuel

BSA:

bovine serum albumin

DCF-DA:

dichlorofluorescein diacetate

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

ELISA:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FACS:

fluorescence-activated cell sorter

FITC:

fluorescein isothiocyanate

HRP:

horseradish peroxidase

IAP:

indoor air pollution

ICC:

immunocytochemistry

IL:

interleukin

iNOS:

inducible nitric oxide synthase

LPG:

liquefied petroleum gas

MFI:

mean fluorescence intensity

MPO:

myeloperoxidase

NO:

nitric oxide

PAP:

Papanicolaou

PBS:

phosphate-buffered saline

PE:

phycoerythrin

PM:

particulate matter

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi in carrying out this study.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India

    Anirban Banerjee, Nandan Kumar Mondal, Debangshu Das & Manas Ranjan Ray

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  1. Anirban Banerjee
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  2. Nandan Kumar Mondal
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Correspondence to Nandan Kumar Mondal.

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Anirban Banerjee and Nandan Kumar Mondal contributed equally to this work.

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Banerjee, A., Mondal, N.K., Das, D. et al. Neutrophilic Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Premenopausal Women Chronically Exposed to Indoor Air Pollution from Biomass Burning. Inflammation 35, 671–683 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-011-9360-2

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